nShield Edge is a portable hardware security module for use in offline certification authorities (CAs) and registration authorities (RAs), code signing, and remote HSM operations. It combines a full-featured HSM with a smart card reader in one device, offering secure backup and dual control access of an organization’s high-value keys with low transaction volumes. Its USB connectivity makes it especially suitable for use with laptops and virtual machines. nShield Edge's security boundary is tamper-resistant against physical attacks and validated up to FIPS 140-2 Level 3.