INSERT INTO `wp_posts` VALUES (404,2,'2013-04-27 19:22:39','2013-04-27 19:22:39','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-16','','','2013-04-27 19:22:39','2013-04-27 19:22:39','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-16/',0,'revision','',0),(406,2,'2013-04-27 19:34:18','2013-04-27 19:34:18','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-18','','','2013-04-27 19:34:18','2013-04-27 19:34:18','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-18/',0,'revision','',0),(405,2,'2013-04-27 19:33:41','2013-04-27 19:33:41','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div><div style=\"line-height:.25em\" >\r\n\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-17','','','2013-04-27 19:33:41','2013-04-27 19:33:41','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-17/',0,'revision','',0),(407,2,'2013-04-27 19:38:23','2013-04-27 19:38:23','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n</br>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-19','','','2013-04-27 19:38:23','2013-04-27 19:38:23','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-19/',0,'revision','',0),(408,2,'2013-04-27 19:40:39','2013-04-27 19:40:39','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div stle=Line-height: 1em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n</br>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-20','','','2013-04-27 19:40:39','2013-04-27 19:40:39','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-20/',0,'revision','',0),(409,2,'2013-04-27 19:41:32','2013-04-27 19:41:32','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div stle=Line-height: 1em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-21','','','2013-04-27 19:41:32','2013-04-27 19:41:32','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-21/',0,'revision','',0),(410,2,'2013-04-27 19:41:59','2013-04-27 19:41:59','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div stle=Line-height: 1em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-22','','','2013-04-27 19:41:59','2013-04-27 19:41:59','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-22/',0,'revision','',0),(411,2,'2013-04-27 19:50:16','2013-04-27 19:50:16','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"Line-height: 1em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-23','','','2013-04-27 19:50:16','2013-04-27 19:50:16','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-23/',0,'revision','',0),(412,2,'2013-04-27 19:54:28','2013-04-27 19:54:28','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -10px\"; style=\"line-height:.75em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-24','','','2013-04-27 19:54:28','2013-04-27 19:54:28','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-24/',0,'revision','',0),(413,2,'2013-04-27 19:54:58','2013-04-27 19:54:58','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -40px\"; style=\"line-height:.75em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-25','','','2013-04-27 19:54:58','2013-04-27 19:54:58','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-25/',0,'revision','',0),(414,2,'2013-04-27 19:55:19','2013-04-27 19:55:19','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\"; style=\"line-height:.75em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-26','','','2013-04-27 19:55:19','2013-04-27 19:55:19','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-26/',0,'revision','',0),(415,2,'2013-04-27 19:56:00','2013-04-27 19:56:00','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\"; style=\"line-height:.5em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li></div>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-27','','','2013-04-27 19:56:00','2013-04-27 19:56:00','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-27/',0,'revision','',0),(416,2,'2013-04-27 19:56:27','2013-04-27 19:56:27','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\"; style=\"line-height:1em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li></div>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-28','','','2013-04-27 19:56:27','2013-04-27 19:56:27','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-28/',0,'revision','',0),(417,2,'2013-04-27 19:56:44','2013-04-27 19:56:44','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\"; style=\"line-height:.25em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li></div>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-29','','','2013-04-27 19:56:44','2013-04-27 19:56:44','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-29/',0,'revision','',0),(418,2,'2013-04-27 19:57:22','2013-04-27 19:57:22','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\"; style=\"line-height:.10em\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-30','','','2013-04-27 19:57:22','2013-04-27 19:57:22','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-30/',0,'revision','',0),(419,2,'2013-04-27 19:58:34','2013-04-27 19:58:34','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.5\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-31','','','2013-04-27 19:58:34','2013-04-27 19:58:34','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-31/',0,'revision','',0),(420,2,'2013-04-27 19:58:51','2013-04-27 19:58:51','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.25\" ><strong>Home</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-32','','','2013-04-27 19:58:51','2013-04-27 19:58:51','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-32/',0,'revision','',0),(421,2,'2013-04-27 19:59:57','2013-04-27 19:59:57','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.25\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.25\">\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-33','','','2013-04-27 19:59:57','2013-04-27 19:59:57','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-33/',0,'revision','',0),(422,2,'2013-04-27 20:00:30','2013-04-27 20:00:30','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n	<li>Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-34','','','2013-04-27 20:00:30','2013-04-27 20:00:30','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-34/',0,'revision','',0),(423,2,'2013-04-27 20:01:49','2013-04-27 20:01:49','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n	<li>Our very own <b>Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons</b> is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also <b>Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor.</b> She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a <b>call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia</b> is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of <b>Paddling With Claudia</b> hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-35','','','2013-04-27 20:01:49','2013-04-27 20:01:49','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-35/',0,'revision','',0),(536,2,'2013-05-06 22:05:17','2013-05-06 22:05:17','[content_boxes]\r\n[content_box title=\"Responsive Design\" icon=\"\" image=\"http://theme-fusion.com/avada/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ico-02.gif\" link=\"http://themeforest.net/user/ThemeFusion\" linktarget=\"\" linktext=\"Learn More\"]Avada is fully responsive and can adapt to any screen size. Try resizing your browser window to see the adaptation.[/content_box]\r\n[content_box title=\"Awesome Sliders\" icon=\"\" image=\"http://theme-fusion.com/avada/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ico-02.gif\" link=\"http://themeforest.net/user/ThemeFusion\" linktarget=\"\" linktext=\"Learn More\"]Avada includes the awesome Layer Parallax Slider as well as the popular FlexSlider2. Both are super easy to use![/content_box]\r\n[content_box title=\"Unlimited Colors\" icon=\"\" image=\"http://theme-fusion.com/avada/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ico-03.gif\" link=\"http://themeforest.net/user/ThemeFusion\" linktarget=\"\" linktext=\"Learn More\"]We included a backend color picker for unlimited color options. Anything can be changed, including the gradients![/content_box]\r\n[content_box last=\"yes\" title=\"500+ Google Fonts\" icon=\"\" image=\"http://theme-fusion.com/avada/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/ico-04.gif\" link=\"http://themeforest.net/user/ThemeFusion\" linktarget=\"\" linktext=\"Learn More\"]Avada loves fonts, choose from over 500+ Google Fonts. You can change all headings and body copy with ease![/content_box]\r\n[/content_boxes]','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-52','','','2013-05-06 22:05:17','2013-05-06 22:05:17','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-52/',0,'revision','',0),(424,2,'2013-04-27 20:05:57','2013-04-27 20:05:57','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n	<li>Our very own <b>Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons</b> is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also <b>Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor.</b> She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a <b>call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia</b> is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of <b>Paddling With Claudia</b> hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<li>Tens of thousands of New Yorkers were devastated by Hurricane Sandy - Claudia Patino of Sag Harbor witnessed while going door to door assessing the needs in underserved and ignored areas. She found elderly people sleeping on a cement floor with dying cats. They were denied by FEMA. Ms. Patino and Ms. Tarlow got them a bed, a refrigerator, and a microwave.</li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-36','','','2013-04-27 20:05:57','2013-04-27 20:05:57','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-36/',0,'revision','',0),(427,2,'2013-04-27 20:08:47','2013-04-27 20:08:47','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div> <HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n	<li>Our very own <b>Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons</b> is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also <b>Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor.</b> She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a <b>call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia</b> is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of <b>Paddling With Claudia</b> hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<li>Tens of thousands of New Yorkers were devastated by Hurricane Sandy - Claudia Patino of Sag Harbor witnessed while going door to door assessing the needs in underserved and ignored areas. She found elderly people sleeping on a cement floor with dying cats. They were denied by FEMA. Ms. Patino and Ms. Tarlow got them a bed, a refrigerator, and a microwave.</li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-39','','','2013-04-27 20:08:47','2013-04-27 20:08:47','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-39/',0,'revision','',0),(425,2,'2013-04-27 20:07:09','2013-04-27 20:07:09','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n	<li>Our very own <b>Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons</b> is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also <b>Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor.</b> She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a <b>call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia</b> is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of <b>Paddling With Claudia</b> hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<li>Tens of thousands of New Yorkers were devastated by Hurricane Sandy - Claudia Patino of Sag Harbor witnessed while going door to door assessing the needs in underserved and ignored areas. She found elderly people sleeping on a cement floor with dying cats. They were denied by FEMA. Ms. Patino and Ms. Tarlow got them a bed, a refrigerator, and a microwave. <a href=\"http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn%E2%80%99t>Read More</a></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-37','','','2013-04-27 20:07:09','2013-04-27 20:07:09','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-37/',0,'revision','',0),(426,2,'2013-04-27 20:07:30','2013-04-27 20:07:30','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n	<li>Our very own <b>Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons</b> is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also <b>Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor.</b> She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a <b>call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia</b> is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of <b>Paddling With Claudia</b> hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<li>Tens of thousands of New Yorkers were devastated by Hurricane Sandy - Claudia Patino of Sag Harbor witnessed while going door to door assessing the needs in underserved and ignored areas. She found elderly people sleeping on a cement floor with dying cats. They were denied by FEMA. Ms. Patino and Ms. Tarlow got them a bed, a refrigerator, and a microwave. <a href=\"http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn%E2%80%99t>Read More</a></li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-38','','','2013-04-27 20:07:30','2013-04-27 20:07:30','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-38/',0,'revision','',0),(428,2,'2013-04-27 20:09:53','2013-04-27 20:09:53','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div> <HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n	<li>Our very own <b>Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons</b> is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also <b>Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor.</b> She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a <b>call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia</b> is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of <b>Paddling With Claudia</b> hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.</li></li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<li>Tens of thousands of New Yorkers were devastated by Hurricane Sandy - Claudia Patino of Sag Harbor witnessed while going door to door assessing the needs in underserved and ignored areas. She found elderly people sleeping on a cement floor with dying cats. They were denied by FEMA. Ms. Patino and Ms. Tarlow got them a bed, a refrigerator, and a microwave. <a href=\"http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn%E2%80%99t\">read more..</a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-40','','','2013-04-27 20:09:53','2013-04-27 20:09:53','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-40/',0,'revision','',0),(429,2,'2013-04-27 20:14:08','2013-04-27 20:14:08','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div> <HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n	<li>Our very own <b>Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons</b> is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also <b>Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor.</b> She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a <b>call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia</b> is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of <b>Paddling With Claudia</b> hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.<a href=\"/\">read more..</a></li></li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<li>Tens of thousands of New Yorkers were devastated by Hurricane Sandy - Claudia Patino of Sag Harbor witnessed while going door to door assessing the needs in underserved and ignored areas. She found elderly people sleeping on a cement floor with dying cats. They were denied by FEMA. Ms. Patino and Ms. Tarlow got them a bed, a refrigerator, and a microwave. <a href=\"http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn%E2%80%99t\">read more..</a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-41','','','2013-04-27 20:14:08','2013-04-27 20:14:08','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-41/',0,'revision','',0),(430,2,'2013-04-27 20:14:57','2013-04-27 20:14:57','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div> <HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n	<li>Our very own <b>Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons</b> is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also <b>Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor.</b> She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a <b>call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia</b> is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of <b>Paddling With Claudia</b> hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.<a href=\"/?p=298/\">read more..</a></li></li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<li>Tens of thousands of New Yorkers were devastated by Hurricane Sandy - Claudia Patino of Sag Harbor witnessed while going door to door assessing the needs in underserved and ignored areas. She found elderly people sleeping on a cement floor with dying cats. They were denied by FEMA. Ms. Patino and Ms. Tarlow got them a bed, a refrigerator, and a microwave. <a href=\"http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn%E2%80%99t\">read more..</a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-42','','','2013-04-27 20:14:57','2013-04-27 20:14:57','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-42/',0,'revision','',0),(431,2,'2013-04-27 18:32:13','2013-04-27 18:32:13','<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Contact</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-14','','','2013-04-27 18:32:13','2013-04-27 18:32:13','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-14/',0,'revision','',0),(432,2,'2013-04-27 20:18:00','2013-04-27 20:18:00','<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Contact</strong></font></div> <HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-15','','','2013-04-27 20:18:00','2013-04-27 20:18:00','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-15/',0,'revision','',0),(436,2,'2013-04-27 20:19:31','2013-04-27 20:19:31','\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Contact</strong></font></div> <HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-19','','','2013-04-27 20:19:31','2013-04-27 20:19:31','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-19/',0,'revision','',0),(433,2,'2013-04-27 20:18:25','2013-04-27 20:18:25','<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Contact</strong></font></div> <HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"></div>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-16','','','2013-04-27 20:18:25','2013-04-27 20:18:25','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-16/',0,'revision','',0),(434,2,'2013-04-27 20:18:48','2013-04-27 20:18:48','<div style=\"margin-top: -40px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Contact</strong></font></div> <HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"></div>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-17','','','2013-04-27 20:18:48','2013-04-27 20:18:48','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-17/',0,'revision','',0),(435,2,'2013-04-27 20:19:04','2013-04-27 20:19:04','<div style=\"margin-top: -10px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Contact</strong></font></div> <HR width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"></div>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-18','','','2013-04-27 20:19:04','2013-04-27 20:19:04','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-18/',0,'revision','',0),(437,2,'2013-04-27 18:39:10','2013-04-27 18:39:10','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" /> \r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Rates</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n\r\n<strong>Paddle Board Lesson Rates</strong>\r\n\r\n$100.00 Per One Hour Paddle Board Lesson or SUP Tour in the Following Areas: Sag Harbor, Bridgehampton, North Haven, Sagaponack, Montauk and nearby surrounding areas in the Hamptons NY.\r\n\r\n$125.00 Per On Hour Paddle Board Lesson or SUP Tour on Shelter Island or Sunset Beach Restaurant (Paddling With Claudia is Sunset Beaches Exclusive Paddle Board Outfitter).\r\n\r\n<a title=\"Contact\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/contact/\">Contact Paddling With Claudia</a> for rates on Group Sunset Paddle Board Tours, Larger Group Paddle Board Tours, Eco Marine SUP Tours, Snorkeling, Combination SUP/Snorkeling Tours, and Family Paddle Board Tours\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<blockquote>TO SCHEDULE YOUR OWN PADDLE BOARD LESSON OR SUP TOUR, PLEASE CONTACT <a title=\"Contact\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/contact/\">CLAUDIA TODAY FOR YOUR OWN PERSONAL PADDLE BOARD SESSION! </a></blockquote>','Rates','','inherit','open','open','','11-revision-18','','','2013-04-27 18:39:10','2013-04-27 18:39:10','',11,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/11-revision-18/',0,'revision','',0),(438,2,'2013-04-27 18:35:07','2013-04-27 18:35:07','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Locations</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n\r\n<div>Paddle Boarding at Sunset Beach, Shelter Island NY</div>\r\n<div>SUP Mecox Bay</div>\r\n<div>Paddling Scott Cameron\'s Beach Bridgehampton NY</div>\r\n<div>Paddleboard Flying Point Beach Southampton NY</div>\r\n<div>Paddling at Sagg Main Beach Saggaponeck NY</div>\r\n<div>SUP tours of Long Beach Sag Harbor</div>\r\n<div>Paddle board tours of Havens Beach Sag Harbor</div>\r\n<div>Paddle boarding at Circle Beach Noyack Bay</div>\r\n<div>Paddle board lessons at Montauk Pond</div>\r\n<div>Paddle boarding at Georgica Pond Wainscott NY</div>\r\n<div>Paddle boarding lessons at Louse Point Springs East Hampton NY</div>\r\n<div>SUP at Peconic Bay Southampton NY</div>\r\n<div>Stand Up Paddle Board Tours Menantic, West Neck Creek, West Neck Shelter Island NY</div>\r\n<div>Stand Up Paddle Fresh Pond Amagansett NY</div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div><a href=\"http://www.easthampton.com/other/beaches.html\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.easthampton.com/<wbr />other/beaches.html</a></div>\r\n<h3></h3>\r\n<h3>To schedule your own Paddle Board Lesson or SUP Tour, please contact <a title=\"Contact\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/contact/\">Claudia for your own personal paddle board session! </a></h3>','Locations','','inherit','open','open','','30-revision-16','','','2013-04-27 18:35:07','2013-04-27 18:35:07','',30,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/30-revision-16/',0,'revision','',0),(439,2,'2013-04-27 18:40:50','2013-04-27 18:40:50','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+5\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Lesson Plans</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n\r\n<strong>Paddling With Claudia, Sag Harbor, NY (The Hamptons NY)</strong>\r\n\r\nPaddle boarding is an all around fun sport that is great for the whole family. We have found that it is a perfect sport for little kids if the conditions are right and if the adults practice a few safety pointers to make this activity fun and safe from the get go for them.\r\n\r\n<strong>Paddle Boarding or Stand up paddling (SUP)</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>It is easy to learn</li>\r\n	<li>Kids as young as three and four can learn as long as they know how to swim and the conditions are correct for them to be able to enjoy this great sport in the water</li>\r\n	<li>Kids have greater balance than adults and are lower to the board to begin with</li>\r\n	<li>SUP is a great way to use up little ones energy in a positive and creative form</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>Safety Tips</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>We found that purchasing a bunch of smaller paddles for kids was instrumental in making a paddle board excursion for kids more fun but also a better and safer learning experience for children.</li>\r\n	<li>We have also invested in softer paddle boards that are designed for kids that are also lighter so the kids can actually pick them up and feel like they are in control of the whole experience. Kids want to know how to handle the whole lesson, from how to put the paddle board leash on their ankle to how to properly place the paddle board in the water.</li>\r\n	<li>The U.S. Coast Guard Now requires all recreational boarders to either be wearing a life preserver or to have one attached to the SUP Board. We recommend that kids wear them throughout their time on the water for practical reasons. You never know when a zealous boater might cast a big wake their way along the East End waters of the Hamtons.</li>\r\n	<li>Another important item that we find is water shoes with non-slip soles. We take a lot of children out on a daily basis and do more than just paddle. At Paddling with Claudia of Sag Harbor in the Hamptons NY, we like to show them more than just how to Paddle Board, we like to show them what is in the water underneath them and how to respect the natural environment. So we tend to go in shallow waterways like the cuts at Scott Cameron Beach in Bridgehampton or at Flying Point in Southampton or over to Circle Beach in Sag Harbor or even Sagg Main over in the Pond area in Saggaponeck. They might be getting on and off their boards. So besides safety reasons (rocks, shells, slippery areas, etc.) they will be seeing crabs, fish, horse crabs and booties keep their feet safer and out of harms way plus add a sense of security.</li>\r\n	<li>A few more important items to consider are Sunscreen, a rash guard, hat and plenty of water to stay hydrated.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Lesson-Plan-clams.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> Lesson Plans on Molusks and Clams</a>\r\n\r\nThe Lesson Plan about Clams covers their habitat, their biology, their predation and much more.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/what-lives-in-shell-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">What Lives in a Shell Lesson Plan</a>\r\n\r\nThe Lesson Plan about what lives in a Shell covers all the aspects of marine animals that live in shells, like crabs, snails and much more.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Lesson Plans','','inherit','open','open','','27-revision-12','','','2013-04-27 18:40:50','2013-04-27 18:40:50','',27,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/27-revision-12/',0,'revision','',0),(440,2,'2013-04-27 20:41:23','2013-04-27 20:41:23','','flash6','','inherit','open','open','','flash6','','','2013-04-27 20:41:23','2013-04-27 20:41:23','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/flash6.png',0,'attachment','image/png',0),(441,2,'2013-04-27 18:37:44','2013-04-27 18:37:44','<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>BLOG</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n','Blog','','inherit','open','open','','6-revision-4','','','2013-04-27 18:37:44','2013-04-27 18:37:44','',6,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/6-revision-4/',0,'revision','',0),(443,2,'2013-03-02 20:44:17','2013-03-02 20:44:17','[caption id=\"attachment_323\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/535624_823065323894_998915180_n.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-323\" alt=\"Paddling With Claudia in the Hamptons\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/535624_823065323894_998915180_n-300x300.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" /></a> March Surf[/caption]\r\n\r\nGearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!\r\n\r\nClaudia has been training her bootie off since the fall at the <a href=\"http://www.ymcali.org/East-Hampton\" target=\"_blank\">East Hampton Rec Center</a> with the <a href=\"http://www.usms.org/comp/event.php?MeetID=20121014BERMUDO\" target=\"_blank\">Masters group and swam a 10k in Bermuda</a> which was wild as a storm was coming through the Island. They had to reconfigure the route and everything.\r\n\r\nClaudia is also on her own Squad now for the <a href=\"http://www.easthamptonoceanrescue.org\" target=\"_blank\">East Hampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue</a>.\r\n\r\nTomorrow, Claudia and a bunch of her Ditch Plains pals have also orchestrated a <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/340851169353216/\" target=\"_blank\">Beach Clean Up</a> day starting at 9am. Meet Up at the Dirt Lot Parking Lot 9am March 3rd, 2013.','stand up paddle boarding in the hamptons','','inherit','open','open','','322-revision-5','','','2013-03-02 20:44:17','2013-03-02 20:44:17','',322,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/322-revision-5/',0,'revision','',0),(442,2,'2013-04-27 20:46:15','2013-04-27 20:46:15','dsgggggggggggggggggggg\r\nsdfgggggggggggggggggggg\r\nsDGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG\r\nsdGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG\r\nSDGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG\r\nSZXDGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB\r\nSGDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB\r\nSDGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG\r\n\r\n\r\n<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>BLOG</strong>\r\n<HR width=\"100%\"></font></div>\r\n','Blog','','inherit','open','open','','6-revision-5','','','2013-04-27 20:46:15','2013-04-27 20:46:15','',6,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/6-revision-5/',0,'revision','',0),(444,2,'2012-12-13 17:39:39','2012-12-13 17:39:39','<a href=\"http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn’t\">http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn’t</a>\r\n\r\nnice mentions about Claudia Patino aka Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia in Island Park\r\n\r\nwell worth a read!','East Hampton Star Article','','inherit','open','open','','316-revision-4','','','2012-12-13 17:39:39','2012-12-13 17:39:39','',316,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/316-revision-4/',0,'revision','',0),(445,2,'2012-12-07 16:58:19','2012-12-07 16:58:19','<h5 data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:1,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\"><a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/fran.claudia.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-311\" title=\"fran.claudia\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/fran.claudia-223x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"223\" height=\"300\" /></a> I am taking this class next weekend for any that might want to join me. I have learned some thanks to <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/cynthia.cangemi\" data-hovercard=\"/ajax/hovercard/user.php?id=1564787145\">Cynthia Cangemi</a> who has let me shadow her for the last couple of weeks and feel like I need to be immersed in a class. I am a very hands on learner. I have been so drawn to Island Park and your community and am at <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/anna.bono.10\" data-hovercard=\"/ajax/hovercard/user.php?id=1566531688\">Anna Bono</a>\'s house today with <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/jkoehne1\" data-hovercard=\"/ajax/hovercard/user.php?id=1116753888\">Jim Koehne</a> doing some Mold remediation with some instructions and machinery. I plan to keep learning and hopefully can take what i learn in this class and offer it as a service to the areas that need it. Please the more of us that take this class which is really affordable, the more of us can help!</h5>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/annahouse.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-313\" title=\"annahouse\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/annahouse-223x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"223\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n<h5 data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:1,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\"></h5>\r\n<h5 data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:1,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\"><a href=\"http://www.greenedu.com/5088--mold-remediation-ny-new-york\" rel=\"nofollow nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.greenedu.com/5088--mold-remediation-ny-new-york</a></h5>\r\n<div data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:10,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;H&quot;}\">\r\n<div>\r\n<div><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenedu.com%2F5088--mold-remediation-ny-new-york&amp;h=lAQFkePHZ&amp;s=1\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:41,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;E&quot;}\"><img src=\"https://s-static.ak.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v2/y4/r/-PAXP-deijE.gif\" alt=\"\" /></a>\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<div data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:11,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;C&quot;}\"><strong>12-15-2012 - New York, NY Mold Remediation Worker - Big Apple - GreenEDU.com</strong></div>\r\nwww.greenedu.com\r\n<div data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;M&quot;}\">Green Education Services presents: 12-15-2012 - Mold Remediation Worker - Big Apple - New York, NY</div>\r\n<div data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;M&quot;}\"><a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/EastEndVolEfforts\">https://www.facebook.com/EastEndVolEfforts</a></div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>','Mold Remediation for Sandy Relief','','inherit','open','open','','305-revision-6','','','2012-12-07 16:58:19','2012-12-07 16:58:19','',305,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/305-revision-6/',0,'revision','',0),(446,2,'2012-09-17 13:41:19','2012-09-17 13:41:19','Every year all across the world on September 15th there are beach clean ups hosted by numerous environmentally conscious people and organizations. Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.\r\n\r\nEvery year, countless marine mammals, sea turtles, seabirds, and other animals are sickened, injured, or killed because of dangerous items we allow into the sea. They are poisoned, choked, or entangled in the trash we leave behind, from leaky paint cans to empty yogurt cups to cast-off fishing line. Trash also poses health threats to humans, contaminates marine environments, and clogs boat propellers.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/211077_375079219231544_1825137698_n.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-299\" title=\"211077_375079219231544_1825137698_n\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/211077_375079219231544_1825137698_n.jpg\" alt=\"Paddle Boarders clean up beach in the hamptons\" width=\"180\" height=\"232\" /></a>','Paddling With Claudia hosts International Beach Cleanup at Ditch Plains','','inherit','open','open','','298-revision-3','','','2012-09-17 13:41:19','2012-09-17 13:41:19','',298,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/298-revision-3/',0,'revision','',0),(447,2,'2012-09-03 00:08:55','2012-09-03 00:08:55','Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. She has been training for the last few years with the Masters Group under our favorite Coach Tim Treadwell at the <a href=\"http://www.ymcali.org/East-Hampton/Programs/Aquatics.aspx\">East Hampton Rec</a> ( YMCA) and has recently signed up with the group for the <a href=\"http://www.active.com/swim-meet/hamilton-/bermuda-round-the-sound-open-water-swim-2012\">Bermuda swim which is a 10K</a> swim in October. I will update this post with more info once I have it but thought that it was exciting news.\r\n\r\nIn between Paddle Boarding clients you can find her swimming at Long Beach back and forth nowdoping laps From the rocks to the town houses and back again. Making it look like simply laps in a pool.\r\n\r\nPretty commendable Claudia! She is a true water baby. That\'s for sure!','Paddling With Claudia is more than Paddleboarding in the Hamptons','','inherit','open','open','','293-revision-3','','','2012-09-03 00:08:55','2012-09-03 00:08:55','',293,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/293-revision-3/',0,'revision','',0),(448,2,'2012-08-23 20:02:37','2012-08-23 20:02:37','<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/LIFEGUARD_ONE_COLOR_2008_red2.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-283 aligncenter\" title=\"LIFEGUARD_ONE_COLOR_2008_red2\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/LIFEGUARD_ONE_COLOR_2008_red2-300x147.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"147\" /></a>\r\n\r\nWe believe that anyone who works in the water or spends a good deal of time in the water should be a certified Lifeguard. Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor. She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. When you are out in the water with someone they should be a powerful swimmer who is well trained on how to handle a multitude of situations especially if they are taking your children out.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSee our Facebook Page as <a href=\"http://www.facebook.com/paddlingwithclaudia \">well</a>','Should SUP instructors be Certified Lifeguards?','','inherit','open','open','','279-revision-6','','','2012-08-23 20:02:37','2012-08-23 20:02:37','',279,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/279-revision-6/',0,'revision','',0),(449,2,'2013-04-27 20:50:30','2013-04-27 20:50:30','[caption id=\"attachment_323\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/535624_823065323894_998915180_n.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-323\" alt=\"Paddling With Claudia in the Hamptons\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/535624_823065323894_998915180_n-300x300.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" /></a> March Surf[/caption]\r\n\r\nGearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!\r\n\r\nClaudia has been training her bootie off since the fall at the <a href=\"http://www.ymcali.org/East-Hampton\" target=\"_blank\">East Hampton Rec Center</a> with the <a href=\"http://www.usms.org/comp/event.php?MeetID=20121014BERMUDO\" target=\"_blank\">Masters group and swam a 10k in Bermuda</a> which was wild as a storm was coming through the Island. They had to reconfigure the route and everything.\r\n\r\nClaudia is also on her own Squad now for the <a href=\"http://www.easthamptonoceanrescue.org\" target=\"_blank\">East Hampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue</a>.\r\n\r\nTomorrow, Claudia and a bunch of her Ditch Plains pals have also orchestrated a <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/340851169353216/\" target=\"_blank\">Beach Clean Up</a> day starting at 9am. Meet Up at the Dirt Lot Parking Lot 9am March 3rd, 2013.','stand up paddle boarding in the hamptons','','inherit','open','open','','322-revision-6','','','2013-04-27 20:50:30','2013-04-27 20:50:30','',322,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/322-revision-6/',0,'revision','',0),(450,2,'2013-04-27 20:50:58','2013-04-27 20:50:58','<a href=\"http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn’t\">http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn’t</a>\r\n\r\nnice mentions about Claudia Patino aka Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia in Island Park\r\n\r\nwell worth a read!','East Hampton Star Article','','inherit','open','open','','316-revision-5','','','2013-04-27 20:50:58','2013-04-27 20:50:58','',316,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/316-revision-5/',0,'revision','',0),(451,2,'2013-04-27 20:51:23','2013-04-27 20:51:23','<h5 data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:1,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\"><a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/fran.claudia.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-311\" title=\"fran.claudia\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/fran.claudia-223x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"223\" height=\"300\" /></a> I am taking this class next weekend for any that might want to join me. I have learned some thanks to <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/cynthia.cangemi\" data-hovercard=\"/ajax/hovercard/user.php?id=1564787145\">Cynthia Cangemi</a> who has let me shadow her for the last couple of weeks and feel like I need to be immersed in a class. I am a very hands on learner. I have been so drawn to Island Park and your community and am at <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/anna.bono.10\" data-hovercard=\"/ajax/hovercard/user.php?id=1566531688\">Anna Bono</a>\'s house today with <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/jkoehne1\" data-hovercard=\"/ajax/hovercard/user.php?id=1116753888\">Jim Koehne</a> doing some Mold remediation with some instructions and machinery. I plan to keep learning and hopefully can take what i learn in this class and offer it as a service to the areas that need it. Please the more of us that take this class which is really affordable, the more of us can help!</h5>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/annahouse.jpg\"><img class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-313\" title=\"annahouse\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/annahouse-223x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"223\" height=\"300\" /></a>\r\n<h5 data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:1,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\"></h5>\r\n<h5 data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:1,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;K&quot;}\"><a href=\"http://www.greenedu.com/5088--mold-remediation-ny-new-york\" rel=\"nofollow nofollow\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.greenedu.com/5088--mold-remediation-ny-new-york</a></h5>\r\n<div data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:10,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;H&quot;}\">\r\n<div>\r\n<div><a tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenedu.com%2F5088--mold-remediation-ny-new-york&amp;h=lAQFkePHZ&amp;s=1\" rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:41,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;E&quot;}\"><img src=\"https://s-static.ak.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v2/y4/r/-PAXP-deijE.gif\" alt=\"\" /></a>\r\n<div>\r\n<div>\r\n<div data-ft=\"{&quot;type&quot;:11,&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;C&quot;}\"><strong>12-15-2012 - New York, NY Mold Remediation Worker - Big Apple - GreenEDU.com</strong></div>\r\nwww.greenedu.com\r\n<div data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;M&quot;}\">Green Education Services presents: 12-15-2012 - Mold Remediation Worker - Big Apple - New York, NY</div>\r\n<div data-ft=\"{&quot;tn&quot;:&quot;M&quot;}\"><a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/EastEndVolEfforts\">https://www.facebook.com/EastEndVolEfforts</a></div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>','Mold Remediation for Sandy Relief','','inherit','open','open','','305-revision-7','','','2013-04-27 20:51:23','2013-04-27 20:51:23','',305,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/305-revision-7/',0,'revision','',0),(452,2,'2013-04-27 20:52:30','2013-04-27 20:52:30','Our very own Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. She has been training for the last few years with the Masters Group under our favorite Coach Tim Treadwell at the <a href=\"http://www.ymcali.org/East-Hampton/Programs/Aquatics.aspx\">East Hampton Rec</a> ( YMCA) and has recently signed up with the group for the <a href=\"http://www.active.com/swim-meet/hamilton-/bermuda-round-the-sound-open-water-swim-2012\">Bermuda swim which is a 10K</a> swim in October. I will update this post with more info once I have it but thought that it was exciting news.\r\n\r\nIn between Paddle Boarding clients you can find her swimming at Long Beach back and forth nowdoping laps From the rocks to the town houses and back again. Making it look like simply laps in a pool.\r\n\r\nPretty commendable Claudia! She is a true water baby. That\'s for sure!','Paddling With Claudia is more than Paddleboarding in the Hamptons','','inherit','open','open','','293-revision-4','','','2013-04-27 20:52:30','2013-04-27 20:52:30','',293,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/293-revision-4/',0,'revision','',0),(453,2,'2013-04-27 20:51:48','2013-04-27 20:51:48','Every year all across the world on September 15th there are beach clean ups hosted by numerous environmentally conscious people and organizations. Claudia Patino Tarlow of Paddling With Claudia hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.\r\n\r\nEvery year, countless marine mammals, sea turtles, seabirds, and other animals are sickened, injured, or killed because of dangerous items we allow into the sea. They are poisoned, choked, or entangled in the trash we leave behind, from leaky paint cans to empty yogurt cups to cast-off fishing line. Trash also poses health threats to humans, contaminates marine environments, and clogs boat propellers.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/211077_375079219231544_1825137698_n.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-299\" title=\"211077_375079219231544_1825137698_n\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/211077_375079219231544_1825137698_n.jpg\" alt=\"Paddle Boarders clean up beach in the hamptons\" width=\"180\" height=\"232\" /></a>','Paddling With Claudia hosts International Beach Cleanup at Ditch Plains','','inherit','open','open','','298-revision-4','','','2013-04-27 20:51:48','2013-04-27 20:51:48','',298,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/298-revision-4/',0,'revision','',0),(454,2,'2012-08-18 18:42:42','2012-08-18 18:42:42','<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/paddleforthepink.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-274\" title=\"paddleforthepink\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/paddleforthepink-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow Paddling With Claudia\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" /></a>Claudia came in 3rd in her division. See race results <a href=\"http://mainbeach.com/stand-up/hamptons-sup-race-results/\">here</a>','Paddle for the Pink SUP race in the Hamptons','','inherit','open','open','','270-revision-4','','','2012-08-18 18:42:42','2012-08-18 18:42:42','',270,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/270-revision-4/',0,'revision','',0),(455,2,'2012-08-09 16:01:04','2012-08-09 16:01:04','Come check out the raved about sport of the season that was originally popularized by Laird Hamilton! Stand Up Paddling is an ancient form of surfing from the Hawaiian Islands, stand up paddle boarding has reemerged as a way for people to enjoy oceans, lakes, rivers and bays using a one-bladed paddle and standing on a longer and wider surfboard. It is for sure a full body workout for the most athletic to those who need to get started or restarted on an exercise regimen you will find out why it has become a “craze” in the Hamptons as you paddle through gorgeous scenery, on your own or with a group of friends on a SUP tour with Claudia on one of our recommended <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/locations/\">locations</a> throughout the Hamptons or one that you prefer.  \r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/FamilySUPTOURMONTAUK.jpg\"><img src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/FamilySUPTOURMONTAUK-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Family SUP Tour in The Hamptons\" title=\"FamilySUPTOURMONTAUK\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-248\" /></a>\r\nWhen you take a SUP lesson with Claudia you will find that the learning is easy – and also a lot of fun! No previous experience is necessary. This is more than a lesson, it’s an adventure that builds your confidence and challenges your body as you learn to stand up Paddleboard. \r\n\r\nAll our lessons include a Stand Up Paddle Board, a paddle and a Coast Guard required life vest which will be either clipped to your board which is a regulation from the Coast Guard or depending on your age or swimming ability you will where it.\r\n \r\nWhere you will learn:\r\nWe offer stand up paddling lessons and tours in the Hamptons, Amagansett, Sag Harbor, Sagaponack, Noyak, North Haven, Mecox, Southampton, and are The Exclusive SUP outfitters at Sunset Beach Restaurant in Shelter Island.  <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/locations/\">See our list of Stand Up Paddle Board locations in the Hamptons for links and Maps</a>.  \r\n \r\nAs with all watersports, wind and weather may require us to change our SUP lesson times and locations throughout the Hamptons.\r\n\r\nContact Claudia Patino Tarlow or Wendy Tarlow if you are interested in learning more about SUP lessons or Paddle Board Tours in the Hamptons. \r\n\r\nPhone/Text: 631- 599-3481\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/paddleboarder.jpg\"><img src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/paddleboarder-300x135.jpg\" alt=\"SUP in the Hamptons\" title=\"paddleboarder in the hamptons\" width=\"300\" height=\"135\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-246\" /></a>\r\n Email: PaddlingwithClaudia@gmail.com\r\n','SUP Lessons and Paddle Board Tours for Beginners and the not so Beginner in the Hamptons','','inherit','open','open','','244-revision-6','','','2012-08-09 16:01:04','2012-08-09 16:01:04','',244,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/244-revision-6/',0,'revision','',0),(456,2,'2012-08-09 16:19:56','2012-08-09 16:19:56','Part of Claudia Patino Tarlow\'s whole philosophy in life is to live simply. She eats simply. Picks up after herself and others and teach her son as well as the kids that she works with to do the same no matter where she is. She has created many \"clean up the Beach days\" at the beaches that she frequents, even though they are not her local beaches she feels that it is her responsibility as a human to make sure that not only people need to be safe from stepping on the garbage but most importantly the creatures that we Now share these beaches with need to be kept safe since we have pretty violently changed their environments. \r\nShe was a volunteer for many years with the Sea Turtle Conservation program in South Florida and taught lectures to children and adults on what the young hatchlings needed from us to allow the turtles to hopefully survive on their beaches that we had invaded with our large hotel lights that confused them to migrate towards the parking lots instead of the hatchling areas. \r\nBut lately, surfing has had her grabbing up as many kids and friends as possible to clean Ditch Plains in Montauk which needs our help. It is loaded with Fishing lines for the guys who fish off of the docks for generations and still seem to have no clue that cut their lines and throwing them into the waters are what has recently killed three large 100 year old leather back turtles that washed up on Dirt Lot barely alive. The Surfers and locals tried to save them and their weren\'t enough people available from Riverhead to get there in time to save their lives if they were even savable.\r\nDuring her Paddle Board lessons, she discusses picking up after \"ourselves\" and keeping a bag to pick up any wire or fishing lines seen in the water and bringing it onshore and disposing properly. This is extremely important if we want to see the lovely creatures of our natural habitat survive, endure and possibly make a comeback. Education is essential during any of these water sports. Any of us who teach in any educational environment need to educate our children but adults are the ones who really need the education at this point about proper disposal of harmful pollutants to our environment and changing their ways to help clean up our water ways.\r\n\r\nWe have a <a href=\"http://www.lulu.com/shop/wendy-tarlow-and-claudia-patino-tarlow/jojo-spring-lesson-in-recycling/paperback/product-20291431.html\" title=\"Jojo Spring Lesson in Recycling\" target=\"_blank\">new Jojo the Seal Book</a> that was just released that takes place in Sag Harbor NY and is about recycling. Jojo gets tangled in fishing line and is saved by a Seagull and then creates a Clean Up the Beach Day with the Kids of Sag Harbor New York. They post flyers and turn it into an event that will happen every year in the book. Jojo was lucky. Not all Sea Creatures are!','Eco Friendly SUP Tours in the Hamptons','','inherit','open','open','','225-revision-6','','','2012-08-09 16:19:56','2012-08-09 16:19:56','',225,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/225-revision-6/',0,'revision','',0),(457,2,'2012-08-09 16:21:05','2012-08-09 16:21:05','Claudia is racing tomorrow at the Paddle for a cause <a href=\"http://easthampton.patch.com/events/paddle-for-a-cause-sup-race-for-humanity-july-29th\">event</a>!\r\n\r\nCome join us at Fresh Pond in Amagansett NY. Directions, <a href=\"http://www.mapquest.com/?le=t&amp;q=352+Montauk+Hwy%2C+Wainscott%2C+NY+11975&amp;maptype=map&amp;ICID=mqdist_patch_easthampton&amp;vs=directions\">click here</a>\r\n<p style=\"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.714em; margin-left: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; font-weight: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-size: 1em; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.429em; border-width: 0px; padding: 0px;\">The race is WPA sanctioned and will be supported by the East Hampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Squad.</p>\r\n\r\n<div>Come Root on Claudia on her new Racing Stand UP Paddle Board.</div>\r\n<div>Go Claudia!</div>','Paddle for a Cause - SUP Race - July 29th - Race for Humanity','','inherit','open','open','','222-revision-3','','','2012-08-09 16:21:05','2012-08-09 16:21:05','',222,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/222-revision-3/',0,'revision','',0),(458,2,'2012-08-09 16:25:47','2012-08-09 16:25:47','What a resilient crew of campers!\r\n\r\nStarted with a hazy, muggy lesson<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/hayground31.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-177\" title=\"hayground3\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/hayground31-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"paddle boarders\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" /></a> of the day and then we hit the water for a great time splashing in the water after our paddle boarding lesson. These kids learn fast! I am amazed at how fast kids learn.','Great SUP day with Hayground Paddle Boarding Crew in Sag Harbor NY','','inherit','open','open','','173-revision-6','','','2012-08-09 16:25:47','2012-08-09 16:25:47','',173,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/173-revision-6/',0,'revision','',0),(459,2,'2012-08-09 16:28:27','2012-08-09 16:28:27','<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Image.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-139\" title=\"Image\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Image-300x232.jpg\" alt=\"Sunset Beach Paddle Board Shelter Island New York\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" /></a>We have a fresh take on paddle boarding in the hamptons. Claudia has been adding snorkeling and marine biology to her tours and making her lessons fun for the whole family. She still has a host of adult tours that are straight up workouts and just fun paddle sup lessons where she goes out in Mecox or Scott Cameron Beach or from Havens Beach in Sag Harbor to Barcelona Neck and they just have a blast and an intense workout. Claudia is an avid surfer but what makes her unique is her background in Marine Biology and her Masters in Early Childhood Education. So she is able to cater to any age group. While she loves working with adults because it is just pure fun for her, working with kids is turning out to be a real niche for her in the Paddling community in the Hamptons. She works with the Hayground Camp of Bridgehampton New York two to three times a week all summer long and fills the rest of her week with adult paddle board/Sup lessons and East Hampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue. She is a busy lady loving what she does in the waters of the Hamptons whether it be in the oceans of the hamptons or the bays of East End of Long Island from Hampton Bays to Montauk.','Paddleboard lessons in the Hamptons','','inherit','open','open','','110-revision-14','','','2012-08-09 16:28:27','2012-08-09 16:28:27','',110,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/110-revision-14/',0,'revision','',0),(460,2,'2012-08-09 16:33:02','2012-08-09 16:33:02','<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/mapofnoyackbay.png\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-76\" title=\"mapofnoyackbay\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/mapofnoyackbay-e1342291604745-300x137.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"137\" /></a>\r\n\r\n<strong>Marsh Kingdom</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Long Island Sound\'s natural fringe is dominated by tidal marshes, part of the great belt of Atlantic and gulf tidal wetlands stretching from <a href=\"http://www.ehow.com/facts_5506250_animals-plants-long-island-sound.html\">Maine</a> to Texas. Those of Long Island Sound grade from salt to brackish to freshwater marshes as you travel upriver.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Tides</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Tides demarcate different zones within the sound\'s estuarine marshes. The \"low marsh,\" dominated by smooth cord-grass, is the area typically flooded by the vast majority of high tides. The \"high marsh\" is inundated by more extensive high tides, but is often dry for extended periods; its prevalent grasses, like salt meadow cord-grass, are usually shorter and more delicate.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<h2>Tidal Animals</h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>The tides bring nutrients to immobile creatures like ribbed mussels, expand hunting opportunities for <a href=\"http://www.ehow.com/facts_5506250_animals-plants-long-island-sound.html\">fish</a> and crabs and facilitate reproductive cycles of invertebrates and the mummichog, a killifish.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nFish\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>More than 120 species of fish inhabit the sound, including flounder, herring and striped bass.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Birds</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>The productive marsh and offshore habitats of the sound attract numerous birds. Herons prowl the water line, osprey cruise for offshore fish and multitudes of shorebirds, seabirds and waterfowl add to the mix.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<strong>Horseshoe Crabs and Shorebird Gathering</strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/horseshoecrabs.png\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-77\" title=\"horseshoecrabs\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/horseshoecrabs-e1342291659951.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"209\" height=\"129\" /></a>\r\n\r\nAt Pikes Beach, in past years, from about mid-May to the first week of June, thousands of Horseshoe Crabs, as well as a variety of migrating birds (including Red Knots) gather at this beach. It’s an incredible sight to see all the more so, in the beautiful light of the setting sun. The horseshoe crabs are there to spawn, the birds to feed on their eggs and fuel themselves for their long migration journeys .\r\n\r\n<strong>Salamander Seining.. and Some Frogs too!</strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/salamandar.png\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-78\" title=\"salamandar\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/salamandar-e1342291702594.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"204\" height=\"90\" /></a>\r\n\r\nMany salamanders breed in the water, and here’s your chance to see the larval aquatic stage of the endangered Eastern Tiger Salamander before it comes on land to live. You’ll also see some of our local frog tadpoles, as Andy Sabin, “Mr. Salamander,” wades into a freshwater pond and, using a seining net (a large two-person fishing net with weights at the lower edge and floats at the top), brings to the surface the pond-stages of these young animals, members of the class Amphibia.\r\n\r\n<strong>Breeding Warblers</strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/breedingwarblers.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-79\" title=\"breedingwarblers\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/breedingwarblers-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThirteen species of warblers have been recorded as breeders on Long Island; nine are confirmed breeders in one area in Montauk. Joe, experienced birder and delightful teacher, will lead you on a search to find these active small songbirds and with luck you will hear them singing and possibly see them carrying food to their nests.\r\n\r\n<strong>Scooter the Box Turtle</strong><strong>             </strong>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/boxturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-80\" title=\"boxturtle\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/boxturtle-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" /></a>\r\n\r\nNew York state has several native turtles, but no native tortoises. Tortoises are land dwellers. All of the turtles in New York live in or around water areas. Box turtles although they don\'t live in water, they do like to wallow in the water and need moist habitat to survive.\r\n\r\n<strong>Seaweed</strong>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSeaweeds in the Sound occur in greatest abundance in rocky areas between high tide and low tide as well as on rocks on the lucky point sea floor. Green seaweed populations fluctuate with the seasons. <a title=\"Monostroma\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monostroma\">Monostroma</a>, with a hue of Atlantis, reproduces in the early spring and dies out by late summer. <a title=\"Grinnellia (page does not exist)\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grinnellia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Grinnellia</a> appears in August and poofs four to six weeks later\r\n\r\n<em>April 16, 2012 (Bridgehampton, NY)</em> – The excitement East Enders feel when spotting the first Osprey of the season is a predictable recurrence in springtime, but it was not always that way. According to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, “the breeding population declined from an estimated 1,000 active nests in the 1940s, between New York City and Boston, to an estimated 150 nests in 1969.” Something had to be done.\r\n\r\nHermit Crabs which inhabit abandoned snails shells.\r\n\r\nSwimming is accomplished by sculling the oar-like fifth pair of legs, the swimming legs.\r\n\r\nWalking is accomplished with the three pairs of thin walking legs. Blue crabs almost always walk sideways, clearing a path with their sharp lateral spines. The blue crab’s most prominent features are the large and powerful claws, which are used for food gathering, defense, digging and sexual displays. If not handled properly, blue crabs can inflict severe injury. <em><br clear=\"all\" /> </em>\r\n\r\n<strong>Threats in East End Waters</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Trash: Discarded plastic bags, wrappers, helium balloons, Styrofoam, and other plastic garbage that end up in the ocean can be deadly to sea turtles, as well as to other marine wildlife. These items, when floating in water, resemble food (such as jellyfish) to a sea turtle. When turtles mistakenly eat the plastic or balloons, their digestive systems become blocked and the turtles eventually die.</li>\r\n	<li>Fishing Equipment: Turtles can become entangled in discarded monofilament fishing line and other gear, preventing them from reaching the surface to breathe or cutting into the animal and causing infection or possible loss of limbs.</li>\r\n	<li>Vessel Strikes: Boat propellers, which often inflict serious wounds on sea turtles, have been responsible for many turtle deaths.</li>\r\n	<li>Pollution: When pollution, such as oil spills and run-off of chemicals, fertilizers, and petroleum, kills aquatic plants and animals, it also reduces the amount of food that is available to sea turtles. Pollution also can cause the turtles to develop diseases.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nExploring Noyack Bay in the Hamptons (Eco-Excursions With Claudia Patino Tarlow - Marine Biologist)','Exploring Noyack Bay in the Hamptons (Eco-Excursions With Claudia)','','inherit','open','open','','1-revision-14','','','2012-08-09 16:33:02','2012-08-09 16:33:02','',1,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/1-revision-14/',0,'revision','',0),(461,2,'2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44',' ','','','publish','open','open','','461','','','2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=461',1,'nav_menu_item','',0),(462,2,'2013-04-27 21:03:31','0000-00-00 00:00:00',' ','','','draft','open','open','','','','','2013-04-27 21:03:31','0000-00-00 00:00:00','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=462',1,'nav_menu_item','',0),(463,2,'2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44',' ','','','publish','open','open','','463','','','2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=463',2,'nav_menu_item','',0),(464,2,'2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44',' ','','','publish','open','open','','464','','','2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=464',3,'nav_menu_item','',0),(465,2,'2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44',' ','','','publish','open','open','','465','','','2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=465',4,'nav_menu_item','',0),(466,2,'2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44',' ','','','publish','open','open','','466','','','2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=466',5,'nav_menu_item','',0),(467,2,'2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44',' ','','','publish','open','open','','467','','','2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=467',6,'nav_menu_item','',0),(468,2,'2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44',' ','','','publish','open','open','','468','','','2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=468',7,'nav_menu_item','',0),(469,2,'2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44',' ','','','publish','open','open','','469','','','2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=469',8,'nav_menu_item','',0),(470,2,'2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44',' ','','','publish','open','open','','470','','','2013-04-27 21:03:44','2013-04-27 21:03:44','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=470',9,'nav_menu_item','',0),(472,2,'2013-04-27 21:06:27','2013-04-27 21:06:27',' ','','','publish','open','open','','472','','','2013-05-06 22:18:42','2013-05-06 22:18:42','',27,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=472',3,'nav_menu_item','',0),(473,2,'2013-04-27 21:06:27','2013-04-27 21:06:27',' ','','','publish','open','open','','473','','','2013-05-06 22:18:42','2013-05-06 22:18:42','',27,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?p=473',4,'nav_menu_item','',0),(481,2,'2013-04-27 21:17:51','2013-04-27 21:17:51','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\nns, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\n<strong> </strong><strong>                 </strong>\r\n\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,  Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-16','','','2013-04-27 21:17:51','2013-04-27 21:17:51','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-16/',0,'revision','',0),(480,2,'2013-04-27 21:16:28','2013-04-27 21:16:28','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"Center\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p>\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\n<strong> </strong><strong>                 </strong>\r\n\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,  Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-15','','','2013-04-27 21:16:28','2013-04-27 21:16:28','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-15/',0,'revision','',0),(475,2,'2013-04-27 21:07:46','2013-04-27 21:07:46','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"right\"><strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"right\"><strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"right\"><strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p>\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs                               from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of                               California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"right\">Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"right\">Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\n<strong> </strong><strong>                 </strong>\r\n\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\n\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\n\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,                          Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-10','','','2013-04-27 21:07:46','2013-04-27 21:07:46','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-10/',0,'revision','',0),(479,2,'2013-04-27 21:15:16','2013-04-27 21:15:16','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"Center\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p>\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs                               from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of                               California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\n<strong> </strong><strong>                 </strong>\r\n\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\n\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,  Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-14','','','2013-04-27 21:15:16','2013-04-27 21:15:16','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-14/',0,'revision','',0),(476,2,'2013-04-27 21:09:33','2013-04-27 21:09:33','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p>\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs                               from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of                               California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"left\">Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"left\">Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\n<strong> </strong><strong>                 </strong>\r\n\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\n\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\n\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,                          Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-11','','','2013-04-27 21:09:33','2013-04-27 21:09:33','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-11/',0,'revision','',0),(478,2,'2013-04-27 21:14:22','2013-04-27 21:14:22','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n\r\n<p align=\"Left\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p>\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs                               from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of                               California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\n<strong> </strong><strong>                 </strong>\r\n\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\n\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,  Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-13','','','2013-04-27 21:14:22','2013-04-27 21:14:22','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-13/',0,'revision','',0),(477,2,'2013-04-27 21:13:28','2013-04-27 21:13:28','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\"><strong> </strong></p>\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs                               from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of                               California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\n<strong> </strong><strong>                 </strong>\r\n\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\n\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\nReferences:\r\n\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,  Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-12','','','2013-04-27 21:13:28','2013-04-27 21:13:28','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-12/',0,'revision','',0),(482,2,'2013-04-27 21:19:49','2013-04-27 21:19:49','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\nns, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n&nbsp;\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n&nbsp;\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n&nbsp;\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\n&nbsp;\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"><b>References:</b>\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,  Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n</p>','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-17','','','2013-04-27 21:19:49','2013-04-27 21:19:49','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-17/',0,'revision','',0),(483,2,'2013-04-27 21:21:02','2013-04-27 21:21:02','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\nns, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n&nbsp;\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n&nbsp;\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n&nbsp;\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"><b>References:</b>\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,  Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n</p>','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-18','','','2013-04-27 21:21:02','2013-04-27 21:21:02','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-18/',0,'revision','',0),(484,2,'2013-04-27 20:20:23','2013-04-27 20:20:23','<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Contact</strong></font><hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-20','','','2013-04-27 20:20:23','2013-04-27 20:20:23','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-20/',0,'revision','',0),(485,2,'2013-04-27 20:54:34','2013-04-27 20:54:34','[caption id=\"attachment_323\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/535624_823065323894_998915180_n.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-323\" alt=\"Paddling With Claudia in the Hamptons\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/535624_823065323894_998915180_n-300x300.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" /></a> March Surf[/caption]\r\n\r\nGearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia is ready to go!\r\n\r\nClaudia has been training her bootie off since the fall at the <a href=\"http://www.ymcali.org/East-Hampton\" target=\"_blank\">East Hampton Rec Center</a> with the <a href=\"http://www.usms.org/comp/event.php?MeetID=20121014BERMUDO\" target=\"_blank\">Masters group and swam a 10k in Bermuda</a> which was wild as a storm was coming through the Island. They had to reconfigure the route and everything.\r\n\r\nClaudia is also on her own Squad now for the <a href=\"http://www.easthamptonoceanrescue.org\" target=\"_blank\">East Hampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue</a>.\r\n\r\nTomorrow, Claudia and a bunch of her Ditch Plains pals have also orchestrated a <a href=\"https://www.facebook.com/events/340851169353216/\" target=\"_blank\">Beach Clean Up</a> day starting at 9am. Meet Up at the Dirt Lot Parking Lot 9am March 3rd, 2013.','stand up paddle boarding in the hamptons','','inherit','open','open','','322-revision-7','','','2013-04-27 20:54:34','2013-04-27 20:54:34','',322,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/322-revision-7/',0,'revision','',0),(510,2,'2013-04-28 00:57:17','2013-04-28 00:57:17','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"comfortaa\" size=\"+3\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n	<li>Our very own <b>Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons</b> is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also <b>Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor.</b> She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a <b>call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia</b> is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of <b>Paddling With Claudia</b> hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.<a href=\"/?p=298/\">-read more..</a></li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<li>Tens of thousands of New Yorkers were devastated by Hurricane Sandy - Claudia Patino of Sag Harbor witnessed while going door to door assessing the needs in underserved and ignored areas. She found elderly people sleeping on a cement floor with dying cats. They were denied by FEMA. Ms. Patino and Ms. Tarlow got them a bed, a refrigerator, and a microwave. <a href=\"http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn%E2%80%99t\">-read more..</a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-44','','','2013-04-28 00:57:17','2013-04-28 00:57:17','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-44/',0,'revision','',0),(511,2,'2013-04-28 01:09:08','2013-04-28 01:09:08','<font face=\"comfortaa\" size=\"+3\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Contact</strong></font><hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n\r\n','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-25','','','2013-04-28 01:09:08','2013-04-28 01:09:08','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-25/',0,'revision','',0),(486,2,'2013-04-27 21:27:45','2013-04-27 21:27:45','<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Contact</strong></font><hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-21','','','2013-04-27 21:27:45','2013-04-27 21:27:45','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-21/',0,'revision','',0),(507,2,'2013-04-28 01:20:53','2013-04-28 01:20:53','','paddlingnewhead','','inherit','open','open','','paddlingnewhead','','','2013-04-28 01:20:53','2013-04-28 01:20:53','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/paddlingnewhead.jpg',0,'attachment','image/jpeg',0),(489,2,'2013-04-28 00:58:54','2013-04-28 00:58:54','img src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/plugins/social-sharing-toolkit/images/icons_small/facebook.png\" alt=\"Share on Facebook\" title=\"Share on Facebook\"/><span class=\"mr_social_sharing_top\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://plusone.google.com/_/+1/confirm?hl=en&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paddlingwithclaudia.com%2Fcontact%2F&amp;title=Contact\" class=\"mr_social_sharing_popup_link\"><img src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/plugins/social-sharing-toolkit/images/icons_small/googleplus.png\" alt=\"+1\" title=\"+1\"/></a>\r\n\r\n\r\n</span><span class=\"mr_social_sharing_top\"><a href=\"http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paddlingwithclaudia.com%2Fcontact%2F&amp;title=Contact\" class=\"mr_social_sharing_popup_link\"><img src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/plugins/social-sharing-toolkit/images/icons_small/linkedin.png\" alt=\"Share on LinkedIn\" title=\"Share on LinkedIn\"/></a></span><span class=\"mr_social_sharing_top\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paddlingwithclaudia.com%2Fcontact%2F&amp;media=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paddlingwithclaudia.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F07%2Fclaudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg&amp;description=Contact\" class=\"pin-it-button\" count-layout=\"none\"><img border=\"0\" src=\"//assets.pinterest.com/images/PinExt.png\" title=\"Pin It\" /></a></span><span class=\"mr_social_sharing_top\"><a href=\"https://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paddlingwithclaudia.com%2Fcontact%2F&amp;text=Contact&amp;via=paddlingclaudia\" class=\"mr_social_sharing_popup_link\"><img src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/plugins/social-sharing-toolkit/images/icons_small/twitter.png\" alt=\"Share on Twitter\" title=\"Share on Twitter\"/></a></span><p><a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a></p>\r\n<p>Claudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia&#8217;s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','social-temp','','publish','open','open','','social-temp','','','2013-04-28 00:58:54','2013-04-28 00:58:54','',0,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/?page_id=489',0,'page','',0),(490,2,'2013-04-28 00:58:50','2013-04-28 00:58:50','','social-temp','','inherit','open','open','','489-revision','','','2013-04-28 00:58:50','2013-04-28 00:58:50','',489,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/489-revision/',0,'revision','',0),(487,2,'2013-04-27 20:15:48','2013-04-27 20:15:48','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Home</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n	<li>Our very own <b>Claudia Patino Tarlow, of Paddling With Claudia of the Hamptons</b> is an avid surfer, diver, Marine Biologist, Lifeguard and a Master level swimmer. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li> Claudia is both a Stillwater and a Easthampton Volunteer Ocean Rescue Lifeguard. She is also <b>Certified by the WPA as a Paddleboard Instructor.</b> She is a Dive Master, a Rescue Diver, First Aide and CPR Certified. </li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Gearing up! Spring is upon us. We have been having some great surf and our SUP boards are all shined up and ready to be used for those of you who want to get ahead start on the season we are open for business. give us a <b>call at 631-599-3481. Paddling With Claudia</b> is ready to go!</li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n	<li>Claudia Patino Tarlow of <b>Paddling With Claudia</b> hosted the 1st International Beach Clean Up at Ditch Plains in Montauk on Saturday September 15th 2012 with a Modest turn out of friends, family and eco conscious bystanders and surfers, paddle boarders and beach lovers.<a href=\"/?p=298/\">-read more..</a></li>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<li>Tens of thousands of New Yorkers were devastated by Hurricane Sandy - Claudia Patino of Sag Harbor witnessed while going door to door assessing the needs in underserved and ignored areas. She found elderly people sleeping on a cement floor with dying cats. They were denied by FEMA. Ms. Patino and Ms. Tarlow got them a bed, a refrigerator, and a microwave. <a href=\"http://easthamptonstar.com/?q=Lead-article/20121212/After-Sandy-Attention-May-Wane-Need-Doesn%E2%80%99t\">-read more..</a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n	\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n','Home','','inherit','open','open','','5-revision-43','','','2013-04-27 20:15:48','2013-04-27 20:15:48','',5,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/5-revision-43/',0,'revision','',0),(488,2,'2013-04-28 00:33:06','2013-04-28 00:33:06','<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Contact</strong></font><hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/plugins/social-sharing-toolkit/images/icons_small/facebook.png\" alt=\"Share on Facebook\" title=\"Share on Facebook\"/><span class=\"mr_social_sharing_top\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https://plusone.google.com/_/+1/confirm?hl=en&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paddlingwithclaudia.com%2Fcontact%2F&amp;title=Contact\" class=\"mr_social_sharing_popup_link\"><img src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/plugins/social-sharing-toolkit/images/icons_small/googleplus.png\" alt=\"+1\" title=\"+1\"/></a>\r\n\r\n\r\n</span><span class=\"mr_social_sharing_top\"><a href=\"http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paddlingwithclaudia.com%2Fcontact%2F&amp;title=Contact\" class=\"mr_social_sharing_popup_link\"><img src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/plugins/social-sharing-toolkit/images/icons_small/linkedin.png\" alt=\"Share on LinkedIn\" title=\"Share on LinkedIn\"/></a></span><span class=\"mr_social_sharing_top\">\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paddlingwithclaudia.com%2Fcontact%2F&amp;media=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paddlingwithclaudia.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F07%2Fclaudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg&amp;description=Contact\" class=\"pin-it-button\" count-layout=\"none\"><img border=\"0\" src=\"//assets.pinterest.com/images/PinExt.png\" title=\"Pin It\" /></a></span><span class=\"mr_social_sharing_top\"><a href=\"https://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paddlingwithclaudia.com%2Fcontact%2F&amp;text=Contact&amp;via=paddlingclaudia\" class=\"mr_social_sharing_popup_link\"><img src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/plugins/social-sharing-toolkit/images/icons_small/twitter.png\" alt=\"Share on Twitter\" title=\"Share on Twitter\"/></a></span><p><a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a></p>\r\n<p>Claudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia&#8217;s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-22','','','2013-04-28 00:33:06','2013-04-28 00:33:06','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-22/',0,'revision','',0),(491,2,'2013-04-27 18:33:00','2013-04-27 18:33:00','<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Gallery</strong>\r\n<hr width=\"100%\"/></font></div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h1>Spring SUP in the Hamptons 2013</h1>\r\n<h1>[fbphotos id=594647167212607]</h1>\r\n<h1>August 2012 Paddle Board Tours in the Hamptons</h1>\r\n<h1>[fbphotos id=487016427975682]</h1>\r\n<h1>Sunset Beach Paddle Board Tours</h1>\r\n[fbphotos id=422732654404060]\r\n<h2>Hayground Paddle Board Camp Lessons about Tides</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=477211732289485]\r\n<h2><strong>Year Round Paddle Board Tours in the Hamptons</strong></h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=376826645661328]\r\n<h2>Family SUP tour at Long beach Sag Harbor New york</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=476171225726869]\r\n<h2>Hayground Camp Paddle Board Excursions Sag Harbor NY</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=469787749698550]\r\n<h2>Hayground Camp, Bridgehampton New York</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=469181709759154]\r\n<h2>Water Play, Paddle Boarding, SUP, Manatees, Snorkeling</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=374813215862671]\r\n<h2>Lil Kid Paddle Boarding and Spoon Free Surf Event, Ditch Plains Montauk NY</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=471088516235140]\r\n<h2>Noyack Bay, Paddleboard lessons for Kids in the Hamptons</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=473044802706178]\r\n<h2>New Paddle Boarding Clients Long beach Sag Harbor and Shelter Island NY</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=444610945549564]\r\n<h2>Beautiful Sag Harbor NY Paddle Board Group</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=457096607634331]\r\n<h2>Montauk Stand Up Paddle (SUP) NY</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=428646797145979]\r\n<h2>Fresh Pond Amagansett NY Paddle boarding</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=427547043922621]','Gallery','','inherit','open','open','','45-revision-38','','','2013-04-27 18:33:00','2013-04-27 18:33:00','',45,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/45-revision-38/',0,'revision','',0),(509,2,'2013-04-28 01:36:25','2013-04-28 01:36:25','<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"comfortaa\" size=\"+3\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Gallery</strong>\r\n<hr width=\"100%\"/></font></div>\r\n\r\n\r\n','Gallery','','inherit','open','open','','45-revision-41','','','2013-04-28 01:36:25','2013-04-28 01:36:25','',45,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/45-revision-41/',0,'revision','',0),(492,2,'2013-04-28 00:59:21','2013-04-28 00:59:21','<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"comfortaa\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Gallery</strong>\r\n<hr width=\"100%\"/></font></div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h1>Spring SUP in the Hamptons 2013</h1>\r\n<h1>[fbphotos id=594647167212607]</h1>\r\n<h1>August 2012 Paddle Board Tours in the Hamptons</h1>\r\n<h1>[fbphotos id=487016427975682]</h1>\r\n<h1>Sunset Beach Paddle Board Tours</h1>\r\n[fbphotos id=422732654404060]\r\n<h2>Hayground Paddle Board Camp Lessons about Tides</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=477211732289485]\r\n<h2><strong>Year Round Paddle Board Tours in the Hamptons</strong></h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=376826645661328]\r\n<h2>Family SUP tour at Long beach Sag Harbor New york</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=476171225726869]\r\n<h2>Hayground Camp Paddle Board Excursions Sag Harbor NY</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=469787749698550]\r\n<h2>Hayground Camp, Bridgehampton New York</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=469181709759154]\r\n<h2>Water Play, Paddle Boarding, SUP, Manatees, Snorkeling</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=374813215862671]\r\n<h2>Lil Kid Paddle Boarding and Spoon Free Surf Event, Ditch Plains Montauk NY</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=471088516235140]\r\n<h2>Noyack Bay, Paddleboard lessons for Kids in the Hamptons</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=473044802706178]\r\n<h2>New Paddle Boarding Clients Long beach Sag Harbor and Shelter Island NY</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=444610945549564]\r\n<h2>Beautiful Sag Harbor NY Paddle Board Group</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=457096607634331]\r\n<h2>Montauk Stand Up Paddle (SUP) NY</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=428646797145979]\r\n<h2>Fresh Pond Amagansett NY Paddle boarding</h2>\r\n[fbphotos id=427547043922621]','Gallery','','inherit','open','open','','45-revision-39','','','2013-04-28 00:59:21','2013-04-28 00:59:21','',45,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/45-revision-39/',0,'revision','',0),(493,2,'2013-04-28 00:58:16','2013-04-28 00:58:16','<font face=\"comfortaa\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Contact</strong></font><hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-118\" title=\"claudiaandlogan\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/claudiaandlogan-300x116.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" /></a>\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a one on one paddle board instructor who lives in Sag Harbor, New York with her family. Please view her <a title=\"Resume\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/resume/\">resume</a> to learn more about Claudia\'s experience with Marine Biology, Teaching and her certifications.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nPlease contact Claudia Patino Tarlow at 1 (631) 599-3481\r\n\r\nEmail: <a href=\"mailto:info@paddlingwithclaudia.com\">info@paddlingwithclaudia.com</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n\r\n\r\n','Contact','','inherit','open','open','','14-revision-23','','','2013-04-28 00:58:16','2013-04-28 00:58:16','',14,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/14-revision-23/',0,'revision','',0),(494,2,'2013-04-27 20:23:54','2013-04-27 20:23:54','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Lesson Plans</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n<strong>Paddling With Claudia, Sag Harbor, NY (The Hamptons NY)</strong>\r\n\r\nPaddle boarding is an all around fun sport that is great for the whole family. We have found that it is a perfect sport for little kids if the conditions are right and if the adults practice a few safety pointers to make this activity fun and safe from the get go for them.\r\n\r\n<strong>Paddle Boarding or Stand up paddling (SUP)</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>It is easy to learn</li>\r\n	<li>Kids as young as three and four can learn as long as they know how to swim and the conditions are correct for them to be able to enjoy this great sport in the water</li>\r\n	<li>Kids have greater balance than adults and are lower to the board to begin with</li>\r\n	<li>SUP is a great way to use up little ones energy in a positive and creative form</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<strong>Safety Tips</strong>\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>We found that purchasing a bunch of smaller paddles for kids was instrumental in making a paddle board excursion for kids more fun but also a better and safer learning experience for children.</li>\r\n	<li>We have also invested in softer paddle boards that are designed for kids that are also lighter so the kids can actually pick them up and feel like they are in control of the whole experience. Kids want to know how to handle the whole lesson, from how to put the paddle board leash on their ankle to how to properly place the paddle board in the water.</li>\r\n	<li>The U.S. Coast Guard Now requires all recreational boarders to either be wearing a life preserver or to have one attached to the SUP Board. We recommend that kids wear them throughout their time on the water for practical reasons. You never know when a zealous boater might cast a big wake their way along the East End waters of the Hamtons.</li>\r\n	<li>Another important item that we find is water shoes with non-slip soles. We take a lot of children out on a daily basis and do more than just paddle. At Paddling with Claudia of Sag Harbor in the Hamptons NY, we like to show them more than just how to Paddle Board, we like to show them what is in the water underneath them and how to respect the natural environment. So we tend to go in shallow waterways like the cuts at Scott Cameron Beach in Bridgehampton or at Flying Point in Southampton or over to Circle Beach in Sag Harbor or even Sagg Main over in the Pond area in Saggaponeck. They might be getting on and off their boards. So besides safety reasons (rocks, shells, slippery areas, etc.) they will be seeing crabs, fish, horse crabs and booties keep their feet safer and out of harms way plus add a sense of security.</li>\r\n	<li>A few more important items to consider are Sunscreen, a rash guard, hat and plenty of water to stay hydrated.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Lesson-Plan-clams.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> Lesson Plans on Molusks and Clams</a>\r\n\r\nThe Lesson Plan about Clams covers their habitat, their biology, their predation and much more.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/what-lives-in-shell-lesson-plan.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">What Lives in a Shell Lesson Plan</a>\r\n\r\nThe Lesson Plan about what lives in a Shell covers all the aspects of marine animals that live in shells, like crabs, snails and much more.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Lesson Plans','','inherit','open','open','','27-revision-13','','','2013-04-27 20:23:54','2013-04-27 20:23:54','',27,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/27-revision-13/',0,'revision','',0),(495,2,'2013-04-27 18:34:01','2013-04-27 18:34:01','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"line-height:.25em\" ><font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" ><strong>Activities</strong>\r\n<hr width=\"100%\"/></font></div>\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/hayground_paddleboarding-1.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-102\" title=\"hayground_paddleboarding (1)\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/hayground_paddleboarding-1-300x200.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" /></a>\r\n\r\nPaddle boarding with Claudia of Sag Harbor NY and Hayground School summer camp of Bridgehampton NY introduces kids to the hottest new water sport in the world!\r\n\r\nThis newly reborn ancient Hawaiian sport is fun and easy to learn. Whether paddle boarding on flat water or surfing waves, this sport gets kids stoked!\r\n\r\nClaudia Patino Tarlow is a certified Stand up Paddleboard WPA Instructor, East Hampton Stillwater Lifeguard, Ocean Rescue Training, Holds her NAUI Diving master certification, Advanced Open Water Certification, Rescue Diver along with many other Dive and water certifications. She is also First Aide and CPR certified. She will teach kids water safety, balance, paddling techniques, steering, and respect for the ocean and coastal environment. During this camp we will paddle board in flat water, play games to develop skills for paddling and more importantly the kids will learn about the ecosystem that surrounds us in The Long Island sound and Bays of the Hamptons.\r\n\r\nLong Island Sound is a diverse and dynamic system en compassing a variety of habitats where plants and animals live and make their homes. The sound is an estuary, a place where fresh and salt water meet and mix.\r\n\r\nWith miles and acres of nature to explore your children will never get bored. We will utilize stand up paddleboards to access some of the most pristine ecosystems Noyack Bay has to offer. We will start off our mornings with a quick marine biology lesson and a light yoga stretch session to prepare our bodies for each day of adventuring. The day will be filled with paddle boarding, snorkeling and hiking. Each location has a historic and ecological focus.\r\n\r\nThru crafts and hands-on activities the campers learn about the human and natural history of the area. Campers will leave with a tangible memory of all they have learned and explored. Activities are perfect for kids 6-14 years old.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Sample Daily Agenda</strong>\r\n\r\n(Activities for each day are subject to change due to weather, tides, and group ability. This will be up to the discretion of the Lead Counselor)\r\n\r\n<strong>Day 1- Paddle boarding Instruction and water safety</strong>\r\n\r\nDay\'s Focus – Proper paddleboarding fit, paddle strokes, maneuvering, yoga stretch, paddle boarding Lesson, proper technique, Water safety, rescue, play time, story time\r\n\r\n<strong>Day 2- Studying Crabs and Paddleboard Experience</strong>\r\n\r\nDay\'s Focus –Studying different crabs in the Long Island sound and bays, yoga stretch, paddle board lesson refresher, paddleboard.\r\n\r\nDuring Snorkeling the kids will identify the different kinds of crabs they can find in the area.  Story time\r\n\r\n<strong>Day 3- Studying Ospreys, Hike and paddleboard</strong>\r\n\r\nDay\'s Focus –Learning about Ospreys. We will hike through the natural habitat looking of Ospreys. The kids will make their own nests as an art project. Story time\r\n\r\nFree Play- swim, shell collecting.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Day 4- Studying Marine plants. Stand Up Paddle Board</strong>\r\n\r\nWe will SUP around the bay and we will look for different marine seaweed.\r\n\r\nDay\'s Focus – Marine Biology- Learning about the bay preserve. Story time\r\n\r\n<strong>Activities</strong>\r\n\r\nHiking, SUP (Stand Up Paddle Board), Art, Yoga and Fitness Awareness, Navigation, Team Building, Leadership exchange, Nature Art, Swimming, Exploring Nature\r\n\r\nEvery day will be different as the summer goes. There will loads of natural hand art projects too.\r\n\r\n<strong>Experiential Learning</strong>\r\n\r\nLong Island sound and bay identification, local history exploration, tidal flow, estuary understanding, on-water safety and survival, stand up paddleboard instruction\r\n\r\n<strong>Camp Hours</strong>\r\n\r\nMonday and Wednesday 10:am to 12:15\r\n\r\n<strong>Dates</strong>: July to Mid August\r\n\r\n<strong>Age Group:</strong> Decided by Camp.\r\n\r\nThe camp is run by Paddling With Claudia and Hayground School. The Campers are brought to: Various Beaches in the Sag Harbor New York area by a bus provided by Hayground Camp of Bridgehampton NY.\r\n\r\nPaddling With Claudia, LLC of Sag Harbor NY provides gear.\r\n\r\nWe are a fully licensed outfit with Liability Insurance.\r\n\r\nCampers are required to come with their own sun block, water shoes and hydration.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;','Activities','','inherit','open','open','','32-revision-11','','','2013-04-27 18:34:01','2013-04-27 18:34:01','',32,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/32-revision-11/',0,'revision','',0),(496,2,'2013-04-27 21:21:49','2013-04-27 21:21:49','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\nns, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n&nbsp;\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n&nbsp;\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n&nbsp;\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"><strong>References:</strong>\r\n\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,  Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n</p>','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-19','','','2013-04-27 21:21:49','2013-04-27 21:21:49','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-19/',0,'revision','',0),(497,2,'2013-04-28 01:01:26','2013-04-28 01:01:26','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"comfortaa\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Research</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\"><strong>Effects from Scuba Diving on the Coral Reef</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>MBIO 3750-Coral Reefs </strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>November 15, 2006</strong></p>\r\n<strong>            </strong>Diving on<strong> </strong>coral reefs is spectacular and is an increasing element of tourism in the tropics. Unfortunately, divers contribute to the destruction of this fragile resource that they have come to enjoy.\r\n\r\nResearchers have recently reported negative impact caused by skin and scuba divers on corals reefs. In a study conducted at a dive resort located at the southern tip ofEgyptit was found that divers of all types have been trampling coral reefs (Hawkins &amp; Roberts, 1993). This damage is causing by fins, knees and equipment gauges. Many times divers can significantly damage coral reefs by kicking the fins hard. Coral are very fragile and easy to break.  Apart from contact with living substrates, fin kicks can re-suspend sediment, which then settles on whatever substrate is in the area, including corals (Internet 2). Divers by using their fins easily broke the coral fragments and killed the coral.\r\n\r\nThere are studies on recreational scuba divers that have been affecting coral reefs in the islandof Bonaire.  In 1991 when the reefs were facing rapidly increased numbers of divers (Hawkins, 1993).  Tourist divers that affected coral and other invertebrate communities regularly fed the fish in Bonaire. There are other impacts that affected the   corals in Bonaire, coral disease outbreaks and coral bleaching which have affected the principal massive coral species <em>Montastraea annularis</em> (Woodley, 1997). The problems that may have contributed to the changes in coral communities were much greater at dive sites than less-use areas.\r\n\r\nIn some marine parks, the activity of feeding fish has already been banned because of its affect on the coral reef communities (SabaMarineParkin Netherlands Antilles and Ras Mohammed Park inEgypt(Internet 1).\r\n\r\nThere was a big controversy about over feeding fish amongst the people ofBonaire. Fish feeding may possibly change the natural composition in the reef community, having a negative impact on some fish populations and strengthening other fish populations of more aggressive fish. This may have an affect on the corals and the other invertebrate communities (Pence, 1997).\r\n\r\nDiving is indirectly a cause of serious loss to the massive coral covers and it may be considered to be a high risk impact to the coral ecology as a whole. One way of reducing damage is to educate divers. It is important that divers understand how important coral reefs are to our environment and that the coral reef provides more than beauty and dive attractions such as the life supporting properties they offer to fish, humans and land, coastal defense and medical and constructional elements they provide.         Places that have high dive tourism should have videos that show divers a better way to kick their fins. One study was done inSt Luciawhere divers were shown the difference of live reef cover and non-living substrate, such as rock and dead coral (Roberts, 2004). Divers were educated for 10 minutes about coral reefs and those who did not see the video were more likely to contact the reef and break the coral. To help moderate these impacts divers can get more education. These programs need to be actively managed more with stricter guidelines in place for divers and tighter supervision in the areas that have high dive tourism. They include underwater intervention from dive guides and companies to educate divers about their contact with the reef, teaching them by instructing them to keep fins and their equipment clear of the reef, and extra vigilance in prohibiting fish feeding in coral communities.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"><strong>Literature Cited</strong></p>\r\nns, J.P., and C.M. Roberts. 1997. Estimating the carrying capacity of coral reefs from scuba diving. Pages 1923 – 1926 in proceeding of the eight international coral reef symposiums, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nHawkins, J.P., and C.M. Roberts, and S. white. 1993. Effects of recreational scuba diving     on aCaribbeancoral reef. Report.SabaMarinePark,Saba,NetherlandsAntilles.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nRoberts, L., Harriott, V.J., 1994. Recreational scuba diving and its potential for environmental impact in a marine reserve. In:Bellwood, O., Choat, H., Saxena, N. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology 1994.JamesCookUniversityof NorthQueensland,Townsville,Australia, pp. 695–704.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nJulie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts.  2003. Effects of Recreational Scuba Diving on                   Coral Reefs: Trampling on Reef-Flat Communities. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>, Vol. 30, No. 1 (1993), pp. 25-30\r\n&nbsp;\r\nWoodley, J. D., K. De Meyer, P. Bush, G. Ebanks-Petrie,J. Garzon-Ferreira, E. Klein, L.               P. J. J. Pors, and C. M. Wilson. 1997. Status of corals reefs in the south central            Caribbean. Pages 357-362, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute,Balboa,Panama.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nSpalding, M.D (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">A Guide to the Coral Reefs of the Caribbean.</span>University of California Press,Berkeley,USA.\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 1:  <a href=\"http://www.ymcascuba.org/\">http://www.ymcascuba.org/</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 2: <a href=\"http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm\">http://www.uneptie.org/pc/tourism/sensitive/coral.htm</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 3: <a href=\"http://www.coris.noaa.gov/\">http://www.coris.noaa.gov/</a>\r\n_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n\r\n<strong>Behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( <em>Caretta caretta</em>)</strong>\r\n<strong> </strong>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Biology II-BIOL 1510</p>\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> Claudia Patino Tarlow</p>\r\nThe Loggerhead sea turtle (<em>Caretta caretta</em>) is the most fascinating animals on earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. Loggerhead is a widespread marine animal living in tropic, subtropical and temperate oceans all over the world. The largest nesting site for these animals in the Atlantic Ocean, and probably the entire world, is the Southeastern United States (Perrine, D, 2003). This paper focused of the behavior for loggerheads such as courtship, mating and nesting.  I have the opportunity to work as a volunteer in the Sea turtle conservation program in Broward county Florida, where I have the opportunity to observed nesting season of the loggerhead and study the behavior.\r\n\r\nThere three species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) but the species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle.\r\n\r\nObservers of the loggerhead sea turtle mating have reported very aggressive behavior by both the males and females (Internet 1). Females may mate with several males just prior to nesting season and store the sperm for several months (Internet 1).  This behavior helps to keep genetic diversity high in the population. Courtship and mating for most sea turtles are believed to occur during a limited \"receptive\" period prior to the female is first nesting emergence. Afterwards, only females come out to shore to nest; males never back to shore a list something happen to their natal wild. During mating season, males court a female by nuzzling her head or by biting the back of her neck and rear flippers. If the female does not flee, the male attaches himself to the back of the female\'s shell by gripping her top shell with claws in his front flippers. He then folds his long tail under her shell to copulate (Internet 2). This can produce to female a lot of pain and bleeding because of male hooked to their shells. Copulation can take place either on the surface or under water. Sometimes several males will compete for females and may even fight each other.\r\n\r\nThe nesting behavior of the loggerhead sea turtles is during summer that begins on March to June. Only females nest during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. Most females nets at least twice during the nesting season. Moreover, sea turtles are generally slow on land, and nesting is exhausting work.  Sometimes it takes about 1-2 hours for a turtle to complete her nesting process, the females’ crawls out the ocean and carefully look for good open sand on leading edge. Sometimes she will make false crawls and it can happen because by artificial light affecting by a big condominiums near the beaches or present of people. To able distinguish the sea turtle species nesting each turtle has different behavior to mark the nest in the sand. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand (Humann &amp; Deloach, 2002). After the nest is thoroughly covered, the female crawls back to the sea to rest before nesting again later that season or before beginning her migration back to her feeding ground. Once a female has left her nest, she never returns to look after it. The worlds’ largest nesting population is found on the beaches ofOman.  The second largest nesting group is found alongFlorida\'s East coast (FWC 2005).  Thanks for the voluntaries effort that happen in southFloridathis year.\r\n\r\nThe hatching behavior of loggerhead instinctually survived by their own conditionally behavior.  Incubation of the nest takes about 45 - 55 day but the temperature of the sand governs the speed at which the embryos develop sometimes they born days before where the hatching period is completed. Cooler sand has a tendency to produce more males, with warmer sand producing a higher ratio of females (Internet 2). One important volunteer work is digging out of the nest to help the hatchlings to survive from predators as raccoon and birds that come to shore to eat the incubations nest.  Hatchlings usually emerge from their nest at night or during a rainstorm when temperatures are cooler. Once they decide to burst out, they erupt from the nest cavity as a group.  Sometimes, you can see the little turtles orient by the natural ocean light   then dash toward the sea. The babies’ behavior is very scaring and confusing where they sometimes they follow artificial lights from tall condominiums where they get loss or     hatchlings will die of dehydration or the hatchlings will catch by predators like birds and crabs. Once in the water, they swim several miles off shore, where they are caught in currents and seaweed that may carry them for years before returning to near shore waters (Spotila, 2004).\r\n\r\nThere are many obstacles for hatchlings in the open ocean. Sharks, big fish and circling birds all eat baby turtles, or they die after accidentally trapping by plastic garbage. The obstacles are so numerous for baby turtles that only about one in 1,000 survives to adulthood (FWD 2005). During working with the hatchlings, I observed that was very controversial to see how many hatchlings survived here in the Broward county beaches. Many hatchlings were killed by the artificial lightings from building make them to take the wrong route where they went thought condominiums and they get loss or killing by cars in the street. More over only 80 percent survived here inFlorida(FWS, 2005).\r\n\r\nThe behavior of his animals depends of their natural ocean light where their fallow their destined to the oceans .Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour of continuous swimming. They struggle for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go (Internet 3). They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though (Internet 2).\r\n\r\nOne of the behavior have been study from NOAA research is the have been study the daily activities of the sea turtles. This animals are very important for food web for animals that need the  of turtles arrange on feeding grounds or during migration , there is little behavior exchange among species from 13 phyla and 37 kinds algae live on the backs of loggerheads (Spotila, 2004) . During nesting season, research conducted loggerheads follow regular patterns between the nesting beach itself and offshore reefs and other rocky structure. They support a large array of plants and animals that attach to their shells and ride turtles the oceans with turtles.\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<strong>Literature cited:</strong>\r\nHumann, P., Deloach, N. (2002). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Reef Fish Identification</span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, New World publications, INC,Jacksonville,Florida.\r\n\r\nPerrine, D. (2003). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles of the world (Worldlife discovery Guides) </span>\r\n\r\nPublishing Company, Voyageur Press,Minnesota.\r\n\r\nSpotila, J. (2004). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sea Turtles: A complete guide to their biology, behavior, and   conservation   </span>Publishing Company, The Johns Hopkins University Press,Baltimore andLondon.\r\n\r\nFloridaFish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental\r\n&nbsp;\r\nServices, Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation\r\n&nbsp;\r\nand management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n&nbsp;\r\nInternet 1. <a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n&nbsp;\r\nBroward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\nIntern 2. <a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Sea Turtles nesting season:</strong></p>\r\n<p align=\"center\" style=\"line-height:.5\"> <strong>Claudia Patino Tarlow</strong></p>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_147\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"65\"]<a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\"><img class=\"size-full wp-image-147\" title=\"babyturtle\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyturtle.jpg\" width=\"65\" height=\"100\" /></a> Sea turtles[/caption]\r\nSea turtles are amongst the most fascinating animals on Earth because of the way they have adapted their bodies in order to survive life in harsh, saltwater environments. These various species of sea turtles are distinguishable by appearance, lifestyle and other unique characteristics. Sea turtles are marine reptiles that have existed since their giant land turtle ancestors returned to the sea sometime during the Age of Dinosaurs.    <a href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\"><img class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-149\" title=\"Loggerhead\" alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/babyleatherback.jpg\" width=\"132\" height=\"79\" /></a>\r\n\r\nThree species of sea turtles are protected here in Broward country. They are the loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta carretta), the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), and the leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).\r\n\r\nThe nesting season of these sea turtles  are  typically from March to July in the southern hemisphere and from October to February in the northern. Nesting season begins in Broward Country begins in early March to April and goes through September each year So that when the babies emerge, the rainy season is over and the sand is dry.\r\n\r\nThe species most common inFloridais the loggerhead sea turtle. The loggerhead is using the area from theSpaceCoastto the Gold Coast for nesting. This is the second most important nesting area in the world for loggerhead sea turtles (FWC 2005).  The loggerhead-nesting season begins March to June. The female only nests during the night, laying a clutch of 100 to 120 eggs. She has a remigration interval every 2 to 3 years.  The adults can weigh between 200 and 300 pounds and grow from 3 feet on average. (FWS, 2004) The loggerhead has the most widespread distribution of all modern day sea turtle species. They have been seen around the globe including tropical environments and on the edge of the coldest oceans on Earth. The loggerhead is a cold blooded reptile just like its ancestors, although it has a fat layer that adds insulation, thus they have the ability to swim in cooler waters and dive deeper than any other reptile. The loggerheads are known to dive 4000 feet and deeper, that is as deep as a whale (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe second turtle found here in Broward country is the green turtle. Though this turtle is one of the endangered species around the world, it still nests in significant numbers on the east coast ofFlorida. The nesting period of this green turtle begins May to June. Like the loggerhead, the female also does her nesting during nighttime. The green turtle nesting interval is 10 to 14 days and the remigration interval every 3 to 5 years. The clutch size is 100 to 120 eggs.  The green turtles are easily distinguished from other sea turtles because they have a single pair of scales in front of their eyes rather than two pairs as the other sea turtles have. The green turtle is the largest of the Cheloniidae family. Female green turtles that nest inFloridaaverage more than three feet in carapace length, and average about 300 pounds in weight. The largest green turtle ever found was 5 feet in length and 871 pounds (FWC 2005).\r\n\r\nThe last turtle is the Leatherback. Leatherback turtles are also endangered but are occasionally known to nest inFloridaand theCaribbean. The nesting season begins early February to March and continues to September.  With very rare exceptions, the eggs are also deposited at night. The leatherback-nesting interval is 9 to 10 days with remigration intervals of 2 to 3 years. The clutch size is 80-100 eggs and it reaches 8 feet in length and weighs around 1500 pounds (FWC 2005). The only turtle without a true shell, this turtle has a layer of tough, leathery skin that takes the place of a hard shell. The black, marked carapace is divided by seven narrow ridges that run down the length of the back, and the plastron is often white. Leatherbacks have small jaws and feed entirely on jellyfish, and they are the only turtle that lacks claws on the flippers.\r\n\r\nThe way that sea turtle nests are very similar to each other, some species like loggerheads and green turtle are easier to track. Loggerhead track is 70 to 90 cm wide and very deep, with asymmetrically diagonal marks make by forelimbs, tail drag mark in the sand.  The difference from the green turtle is that her track is wider; it can be 100 to 130cm with symmetric diagonal marks, and her tail dragging a broken line.\r\n\r\nLeatherbacks reach maturity between 6 and 10 years of age (FWS, 2005). At this time, reproduction can begin. Every 2 to 3 years after maturity a female will return to her natal beach and lay 1 to 11 clutches of 50 to 100 eggs. (RMTCST 1999) On average, the nesting female will return to that beach every 9 to 10 days to lay each clutch. (FWS, 2004) The nesting period here in Broward country   is between March and June. This process takes about 2 hours from the time each female emerges from the ocean. She will crawl up the beach to dry sand, preferably close to deep water, and start digging a hole approximately 3 feet deep with her rear flippers and a shallow body pit with her front flippers. Then, she will deposit her clutch in the hole; cover it with sand making sure it is firmly packed over her eggs. Lastly, she makes her way back out to sea. Unfortunately, this arduous task is not increasing the leatherback population.\r\n\r\nThere are many factors that play against the hatchlings survival, many of them never even get to the water after their 55 to 75 day incubation period (FWS, 2005), and often they never even hatch. These threats will be discussed later.\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nThe students ofNovaUniversityin Broward County Florida have set up a conservation program to help protect the nesting season of this endangered species.\r\n\r\nSince adult sea turtles do not nurture their hatchlings, the females never see their nest again. Volunteers from the Broward County Conservation Team are able to move the eggs to a safer chamber, incubation area or fenced hatchery.  The incubation period takes about 45 – 55 days, When the hatchlings do emerge, it us mainly at night and in groups.\r\nBabies of sea turtles turn in \"orientation circles\" as they head for the sea, as do the adults. There are mainly two theories as to how the hatchlings are able to find the sea. Some scientists feel that the turtles discriminate the light intensities and head for the greater light intensity of the open horizon. Others think they have an internal compass, which they use to navigate away from the shore and into the sea.\r\n\r\nThe hatchlings are about 2 ¼ inches in carapace length and 446 grams in weight and are similar to adults in appearance, though the fore flippers are proportionally longer and both shell and skin are covered with small scales. These scales are lost in a couple of months. Once they reach the surf, the babies dive into a wave and ride the undertow out to sea. Many terrestrial and ocean predators devour the hatchlings, for it is thought that only between 2-5% survive their first few days of life and only. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 % reach maturity. Once reaching the water, the turtles undergo a 24-48 hour \"swim frenzy\" of continuous swimming. They strive for the deeper water where they are less vulnerable and have been seen to dive straight down to avoid bird predation. The first year of the turtle’s life is called the \"lost year\" because we are not sure what they do or where they go. They believe that they ride the prevailing currents, situating themselves in the floating seaweed called drift lines, which are rich in food and provide hiding places for the juvenile turtles. They spend their first years in an oceanic existence before coming to coastal shores. If they can make it past the juvenile stage, they enjoy about an 80% or more survival rate. There is no known way to determine their age, though.\r\n\r\nIn order to examine the impact of ecology for sea turtle protection, sea turtle conservation workers determine the spatial dynamics of sea turtles by the population nesting each season on the beaches. Tracking is particularly useful in studying turtles at the nesting beach. Each volunteer identifies how many numbers of clutches are laid each season if this is known.  Beach surveys that only include nest counts can be used to estimate the number of females. However, colleting data on nest contents can help identify problems during the hatching.\r\n\r\nThe major problems on the beaches are local residents and the artificial lights. The lights will disorient the hatchlings and they will travel in the wrong direction. The risks that sea turtles are facing are tremendous. All three surviving species are endangered and threatened throughout most of their regions.  Most of the risks facing these majestic creatures are human induced such as results of human population growth, habitat loss, toxins, pollution, predation and other environmental risks. Human population growth is destroying sea turtle habitats, both feeding and nesting grounds. Coastal areas in theUSand around the world are important places for sea turtle nesting, but Over-developed coastal areas have reduced natural nesting habitats. (STCP 2005) Therefore, coastal development and other factors such as erosion of beaches are resulting in habitat loss for all sea turtle species.\r\n\r\nMore over, a recent study shows that there are diseases emerging from wildlife populations similar to that of humans. This relates to the emerging disease fibropapillomatosis (EHI 1995). The source of this tumor causing disease has not yet been identified. The green sea turtles can be added to a long list of species that have become susceptible to various types of pathogens because of environmental change. Two types of pollution are affecting turtle populations: regular everyday pollution such as litter, and ecological light pollution. Pollution affects sea turtles just as it does any other organism, one specific example is as follows: Leatherbacks eat many jellyfish, in fact, juveniles must eat their weight in jellies everyday to fulfill their needs, and often-plastic bags are discarded into the oceans resembling leatherbacks favorite food. Once the turtle ingests the plastic it causes major problems and even death.\r\n\r\nEcological light pollution is a problem for all turtle species. All of the coastal development on nesting beaches interferes with turtle hatchlings natural ability to make their way to out to sea. When hatchlings emerge from their nests they go toward the lit area, which is typically the ocean because of the moons reflection, but the coastal development is now the area and hatchlings are losing their orientation.\r\n\r\nSea turtle predation has lessened in recent years due to conservation efforts. There are not as many poachers for the turtle eggs as there have been in the past nor are the turtles being slaughtered for food as they once were. Nevertheless, natural predators still exist, not really for adult turtles that can typically out swim their one marine predator, the shark, but for the turtle eggs and hatchlings. Animals such as raccoons and dogs will find nests and consume the eggs if the hatchlings leave the nest at the wrong time they run into hungry birds. Although, it is important to remember that humans are effecting sea turtles more than anything else, because, after all, the sea turtles have been around for over 200 million years and are now on the brink of extinction for one reason: us.\r\n\r\nEnvironmental risks are also a contributing factor for these populations. One example, climate change and potential impacts could significantly effect sea turtle populations because of temperature dependent sex determination. Sex of sea turtles is dependent upon the temperature at the time. For example, the eggs near the center of the nest typically develop at a higher temperature, thus they tend to be female, whereas those near the outside develop at a lower temperature, and thus they tend to be male. Males develop at lower temperatures around 82 degrees and females develop at higher temperatures around 86 degrees. (MTN 2005)\r\n\r\nThere are many conservation efforts taking place to aid in the protection of these magical creatures here inFlorida. There are protection measures happening in different areas of the world, most notablyCosta Rica. One important sea turtle conservation site is Broward Country Sea Turtle conservation. The important goal of this organization is protect the nesting beaches by working day and night. By involving communities in the act of conservation, there has been a tremendous success. No longer are the eggs being poached by the people, but instead are being protected by them. There are many other conservation organizations and projects in place to save the last of the great sea turtles. If more people do not become aware and involved with the conservation efforts sea turtles could face the same fate as their distant reptilian friends, the dinosaurs.\r\n\r\n<p align=\"left\" style=\"line-height:.5\"><strong>References:</strong>\r\n\r\n1.Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B., Mitchell, L. G., Biology, 6th Edition Benjamin\r\nCummings 2002\r\n\r\n2. Florida Fish Wildlife Conservation Commission, Office of Environmental Services,  Bureau of protected Species Management (information on conservation and management of sea turtles inFlorida)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm\">http://floridaconservation.org/psm/turtles/turtle.htm</a>\r\n\r\n3. Marine Turtle Newsletter (primary research/news regarding biology and conservation of sea turtles)\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn\">http://www.seaturtle.org/mtn</a>\r\n\r\n4. Broward County Florida-Biological Resources Division. (n.d.)\r\n\r\nSea turtle conservation program. Retrieved July 1, 2005, 2005 from\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.co.broward.fl.us/\">http://www.co.broward.fl.us/</a>\r\n\r\n5. Monte, Basgall. “Measuring Sea Turtle Casualties by Loglines Fishing”\r\n\r\nDukeUniversity. Tuesday, March 9, 2004\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html\">http://www.dukenews.duke.edu/2004/03/seaturtle_0304.html</a>\r\n\r\n6. Research and Management Techniques for the conservation of sea turtles 1999.(Eds.                      K.L. Eckert,K.A. Bjorndal, F.A. Alberto Abreu-Grobosis, M. Donnelly). IUCN/SSC Marine Turtle Specialist Group Special Publication No.4\r\n\r\n<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">http://www.atree.org/census_manual.pdf</span>\r\n\r\n</p>','Research','','inherit','open','open','','142-revision-20','','','2013-04-28 01:01:26','2013-04-28 01:01:26','',142,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/142-revision-20/',0,'revision','',0),(498,2,'2013-04-27 20:22:53','2013-04-27 20:22:53','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" />\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Locations</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n<div>Paddle Boarding at Sunset Beach, Shelter Island NY</div>\r\n<div>SUP Mecox Bay</div>\r\n<div>Paddling Scott Cameron\'s Beach Bridgehampton NY</div>\r\n<div>Paddleboard Flying Point Beach Southampton NY</div>\r\n<div>Paddling at Sagg Main Beach Saggaponeck NY</div>\r\n<div>SUP tours of Long Beach Sag Harbor</div>\r\n<div>Paddle board tours of Havens Beach Sag Harbor</div>\r\n<div>Paddle boarding at Circle Beach Noyack Bay</div>\r\n<div>Paddle board lessons at Montauk Pond</div>\r\n<div>Paddle boarding at Georgica Pond Wainscott NY</div>\r\n<div>Paddle boarding lessons at Louse Point Springs East Hampton NY</div>\r\n<div>SUP at Peconic Bay Southampton NY</div>\r\n<div>Stand Up Paddle Board Tours Menantic, West Neck Creek, West Neck Shelter Island NY</div>\r\n<div>Stand Up Paddle Fresh Pond Amagansett NY</div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div><a href=\"http://www.easthampton.com/other/beaches.html\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.easthampton.com/<wbr></wbr>other/beaches.html</a></div>\r\n<h3></h3>\r\n<h3>To schedule your own Paddle Board Lesson or SUP Tour, please contact <a title=\"Contact\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/contact/\">Claudia for your own personal paddle board session! </a></h3>','Locations','','inherit','open','open','','30-revision-17','','','2013-04-27 20:22:53','2013-04-27 20:22:53','',30,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/30-revision-17/',0,'revision','',0),(499,2,'2013-04-27 20:21:41','2013-04-27 20:21:41','<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paddling With Claudia offers Paddle Board lessons for Adults and children and SUP tours in the Hamptons NY\" />\r\n<meta name=\"keywords\" content=\"Paddle boarding in the Hamptons, stand up paddle board in the Hamptons, paddle board lessons in the Hamptons NY, SUP fitness, SUP Long Island, stand up paddling hamptons, SUP long island, stand up paddleboarding, stand up paddle boards for women\" /> \r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Claudia Patino Tarlow\" />\r\n<div style=\"margin-top: -80px\">\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\" color=\"#333333\" style=\"line-height:.15\" ><strong>Rates</strong></font></div> <hr width=\"100%\" style=\"line-height:.15\"/>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<strong>Paddle Board Lesson Rates</strong>\r\n\r\n$100.00 Per One Hour Paddle Board Lesson or SUP Tour in the Following Areas: Sag Harbor, Bridgehampton, North Haven, Sagaponack, Montauk and nearby surrounding areas in the Hamptons NY.\r\n\r\n$125.00 Per On Hour Paddle Board Lesson or SUP Tour on Shelter Island or Sunset Beach Restaurant (Paddling With Claudia is Sunset Beaches Exclusive Paddle Board Outfitter).\r\n\r\n<a title=\"Contact\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/contact/\">Contact Paddling With Claudia</a> for rates on Group Sunset Paddle Board Tours, Larger Group Paddle Board Tours, Eco Marine SUP Tours, Snorkeling, Combination SUP/Snorkeling Tours, and Family Paddle Board Tours\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<blockquote>TO SCHEDULE YOUR OWN PADDLE BOARD LESSON OR SUP TOUR, PLEASE CONTACT <a title=\"Contact\" href=\"http://www.paddlingwithclaudia.com/contact/\">CLAUDIA TODAY FOR YOUR OWN PERSONAL PADDLE BOARD SESSION! </a></blockquote>','Rates','','inherit','open','open','','11-revision-19','','','2013-04-27 20:21:41','2013-04-27 20:21:41','',11,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/11-revision-19/',0,'revision','',0),(500,2,'2013-04-27 19:12:52','2013-04-27 19:12:52','<div style=\"line-height:.75em\" ><font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"7\" color=\"#333333\" ><b>Claudia Patino Tarlow</b><br /> \r\n<p> </p>\r\n --Professional Resume--\r\n<hr width=\"100%\"/></font></div>\r\n\r\n<font face=\"dynalight\" size=\"+4\"><b>Education</b></font>\r\n<em>Long Island University-</em>(Graduated) May 2012\r\nDegree: Master of Science in Early Childhood Education<em>\r\nNova Southeastern University-</em>(Graduated) May 2007\r\nDegree: Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and Marine Biology<em>\r\nQueensborough Community College-</em>(Graduated) June 2003\r\nDegree: Associate of Science in Computer Engineering Technology Professional Experience<em>\r\nHayground Camp</em>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<b>June 2012-present\r\nPaddle Board Instructor and Teacher\r\nBridgehampton, NY</b>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Teach groups of approximately 10-20 children ages 7-13 how to paddle board</li>\r\n	<li>Educate children about safety in the water</li>\r\n	<li>Provide education to children about sea life through daily lessons and group discussions</li>\r\n	<li>Create a safe and fun atmosphere for learning about the ocean and paddle boarding</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Paddling with Claudia, LLC\r\n</b></em>May 2012 - present\r\nOwner and Instructor\r\nSag Harbor, NY \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Teach people of all ages and levels paddle boarding throughout the Hamptons</li>\r\n	<li>Provide safe and secure lessons in and out of the water</li>\r\n	<li>Offer private and group paddle board instructing</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Scope Pre-K Program\r\n</b></em>September 2010 to June 2011\r\nAssistant TeacherSag Harbor, NY \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Assisted lead teacher with lessons and educational programming for children</li>\r\n	<li>Provided care for children</li>\r\n	<li>Communicated with parents about daily activities</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Sag Harbor Elementary School</b></em>\r\nSeptember 2010 to June 2011\r\nMonitor\r\nSag Harbor, NY          <em>                                                                           </em> \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Helped maintain a safe environment for children</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>John M. Marshall Elementary School</b></em>\r\nSeptember 2011 - December 2011\r\nStudent Teacher, Grades 1 and 4\r\nEast Hampton, NY \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Created and presented lesson plans to students</li>\r\n	<li>Observed and assisted classroom teachers</li>\r\n	<li>Provided educational mentoring to students</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Nova Oceanographic Center</b></em>                                                                                                       July 2007 – August 2008\r\nMarine Technician, USGSDania, FL \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Lab research for Sea Ecology Program</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Fitness Together\r\n</b></em>July 2005 – March 2007\r\nCustomer Service Representative\r\nFort Lauderdale, FL \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Scheduled client &amp; personal trainer appointments</li>\r\n	<li>Assisted with paperwork and filing</li>\r\n	<li>Managed inventory</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Sea Turtle Conservation Program\r\n</b></em>June 2005 – October 2005\r\nIntern\r\nFort Lauderdale, FL \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Checked nest and hatchlings</li>\r\n	<li>Provided information about conservation program to the public</li>\r\n	<li>Monitored the hatch-lings</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<b>Additional Experience, Certifications, and Publications</b>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>ATS Certification</li>\r\n	<li>Volunteer translator for Sag Harbor Union Free School District (English to Spanish)</li>\r\n	<li>Translator for Parent/Teacher Memos (English to Spanish)</li>\r\n	<li>Jojo’s Rough Winter, author (ISBN-13: 9780615376943)</li>\r\n	<li>Jojo’s Spring Lesson in Recycling, author (ISBN-978-1-105-68588-0)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"><em>References provided upon request</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"></p>\r\n\r\n','Resume','','inherit','open','open','','2-revision-49','','','2013-04-27 19:12:52','2013-04-27 19:12:52','',2,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/2-revision-49/',0,'revision','',0),(501,2,'2013-04-28 01:03:57','2013-04-28 01:03:57','<div style=\"line-height:.75em\" ><font face=\"comfortaa\" size=\"7\" color=\"#333333\" ><b>Claudia Patino Tarlow</b><br /> \r\n<p> </p>\r\n --Professional Resume--\r\n<hr width=\"100%\"/></font></div>\r\n\r\n<font face=\"comfortaa\" size=\"+4\"><b>Education</b></font>\r\n<em>Long Island University-</em>(Graduated) May 2012\r\nDegree: Master of Science in Early Childhood Education<em>\r\nNova Southeastern University-</em>(Graduated) May 2007\r\nDegree: Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and Marine Biology<em>\r\nQueensborough Community College-</em>(Graduated) June 2003\r\nDegree: Associate of Science in Computer Engineering Technology Professional Experience<em>\r\nHayground Camp</em>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<b>June 2012-present\r\nPaddle Board Instructor and Teacher\r\nBridgehampton, NY</b>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Teach groups of approximately 10-20 children ages 7-13 how to paddle board</li>\r\n	<li>Educate children about safety in the water</li>\r\n	<li>Provide education to children about sea life through daily lessons and group discussions</li>\r\n	<li>Create a safe and fun atmosphere for learning about the ocean and paddle boarding</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Paddling with Claudia, LLC\r\n</b></em>May 2012 - present\r\nOwner and Instructor\r\nSag Harbor, NY \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Teach people of all ages and levels paddle boarding throughout the Hamptons</li>\r\n	<li>Provide safe and secure lessons in and out of the water</li>\r\n	<li>Offer private and group paddle board instructing</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Scope Pre-K Program\r\n</b></em>September 2010 to June 2011\r\nAssistant TeacherSag Harbor, NY \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Assisted lead teacher with lessons and educational programming for children</li>\r\n	<li>Provided care for children</li>\r\n	<li>Communicated with parents about daily activities</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Sag Harbor Elementary School</b></em>\r\nSeptember 2010 to June 2011\r\nMonitor\r\nSag Harbor, NY          <em>                                                                           </em> \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Helped maintain a safe environment for children</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>John M. Marshall Elementary School</b></em>\r\nSeptember 2011 - December 2011\r\nStudent Teacher, Grades 1 and 4\r\nEast Hampton, NY \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Created and presented lesson plans to students</li>\r\n	<li>Observed and assisted classroom teachers</li>\r\n	<li>Provided educational mentoring to students</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Nova Oceanographic Center</b></em>                                                                                                       July 2007 – August 2008\r\nMarine Technician, USGSDania, FL \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Lab research for Sea Ecology Program</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Fitness Together\r\n</b></em>July 2005 – March 2007\r\nCustomer Service Representative\r\nFort Lauderdale, FL \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Scheduled client &amp; personal trainer appointments</li>\r\n	<li>Assisted with paperwork and filing</li>\r\n	<li>Managed inventory</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Sea Turtle Conservation Program\r\n</b></em>June 2005 – October 2005\r\nIntern\r\nFort Lauderdale, FL \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Checked nest and hatchlings</li>\r\n	<li>Provided information about conservation program to the public</li>\r\n	<li>Monitored the hatch-lings</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<b>Additional Experience, Certifications, and Publications</b>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>ATS Certification</li>\r\n	<li>Volunteer translator for Sag Harbor Union Free School District (English to Spanish)</li>\r\n	<li>Translator for Parent/Teacher Memos (English to Spanish)</li>\r\n	<li>Jojo’s Rough Winter, author (ISBN-13: 9780615376943)</li>\r\n	<li>Jojo’s Spring Lesson in Recycling, author (ISBN-978-1-105-68588-0)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"><em>References provided upon request</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"></p>\r\n\r\n','Resume','','inherit','open','open','','2-revision-50','','','2013-04-28 01:03:57','2013-04-28 01:03:57','',2,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/2-revision-50/',0,'revision','',0),(502,2,'2013-04-28 01:04:27','2013-04-28 01:04:27','<div style=\"line-height:.75em\" ><font face=\"comfortaa\" size=\"4\" color=\"#333333\" ><b>Claudia Patino Tarlow</b><br /> \r\n<p> </p>\r\n --Professional Resume--\r\n<hr width=\"100%\"/></font></div>\r\n\r\n<font face=\"comfortaa\" size=\"+2\"><b>Education</b></font>\r\n<em>Long Island University-</em>(Graduated) May 2012\r\nDegree: Master of Science in Early Childhood Education<em>\r\nNova Southeastern University-</em>(Graduated) May 2007\r\nDegree: Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and Marine Biology<em>\r\nQueensborough Community College-</em>(Graduated) June 2003\r\nDegree: Associate of Science in Computer Engineering Technology Professional Experience<em>\r\nHayground Camp</em>\r\n<p> </p>\r\n<b>June 2012-present\r\nPaddle Board Instructor and Teacher\r\nBridgehampton, NY</b>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Teach groups of approximately 10-20 children ages 7-13 how to paddle board</li>\r\n	<li>Educate children about safety in the water</li>\r\n	<li>Provide education to children about sea life through daily lessons and group discussions</li>\r\n	<li>Create a safe and fun atmosphere for learning about the ocean and paddle boarding</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Paddling with Claudia, LLC\r\n</b></em>May 2012 - present\r\nOwner and Instructor\r\nSag Harbor, NY \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Teach people of all ages and levels paddle boarding throughout the Hamptons</li>\r\n	<li>Provide safe and secure lessons in and out of the water</li>\r\n	<li>Offer private and group paddle board instructing</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Scope Pre-K Program\r\n</b></em>September 2010 to June 2011\r\nAssistant TeacherSag Harbor, NY \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Assisted lead teacher with lessons and educational programming for children</li>\r\n	<li>Provided care for children</li>\r\n	<li>Communicated with parents about daily activities</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Sag Harbor Elementary School</b></em>\r\nSeptember 2010 to June 2011\r\nMonitor\r\nSag Harbor, NY          <em>                                                                           </em> \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Helped maintain a safe environment for children</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>John M. Marshall Elementary School</b></em>\r\nSeptember 2011 - December 2011\r\nStudent Teacher, Grades 1 and 4\r\nEast Hampton, NY \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Created and presented lesson plans to students</li>\r\n	<li>Observed and assisted classroom teachers</li>\r\n	<li>Provided educational mentoring to students</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Nova Oceanographic Center</b></em>                                                                                                       July 2007 – August 2008\r\nMarine Technician, USGSDania, FL \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Lab research for Sea Ecology Program</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Fitness Together\r\n</b></em>July 2005 – March 2007\r\nCustomer Service Representative\r\nFort Lauderdale, FL \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Scheduled client &amp; personal trainer appointments</li>\r\n	<li>Assisted with paperwork and filing</li>\r\n	<li>Managed inventory</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<em><b>Sea Turtle Conservation Program\r\n</b></em>June 2005 – October 2005\r\nIntern\r\nFort Lauderdale, FL \r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>Checked nest and hatchlings</li>\r\n	<li>Provided information about conservation program to the public</li>\r\n	<li>Monitored the hatch-lings</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<b>Additional Experience, Certifications, and Publications</b>\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\r\n	<li>ATS Certification</li>\r\n	<li>Volunteer translator for Sag Harbor Union Free School District (English to Spanish)</li>\r\n	<li>Translator for Parent/Teacher Memos (English to Spanish)</li>\r\n	<li>Jojo’s Rough Winter, author (ISBN-13: 9780615376943)</li>\r\n	<li>Jojo’s Spring Lesson in Recycling, author (ISBN-978-1-105-68588-0)</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"center\"><em>References provided upon request</em></p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"></p>\r\n\r\n','Resume','','inherit','open','open','','2-revision-51','','','2013-04-28 01:04:27','2013-04-28 01:04:27','',2,'http://paddlingwithclaudia.primaryhub.com/2-revision-51/',0,'revision','',0),